Principles of Life Flashcards
Organism
All living things
Prokaryotes
First organisms that are made up of single cells that has genetic materials and biochemical structure in a membrane
Aerobic Metabolism
A set of chemical reactions that releases energy from life’s molecules by using oxygen
Anaerobic Metabolism
A set of reactions that extract energy without oxygen
Organelles
Any specialized structures within a cell that performs a specific function
Nucleus
Contains the cell’s genetic information
Endosymbiosis
One organism lives inside another organism
Eukaryotes
Has nuclei and other internal compartments
Mitochondria
Releases energy and is “battery” of the cell
Chloroplasts
Organelles specialized for photosynthesis
Nucleic Acids
Molecules that could reproduce themselves and contain the information for synthesis
System
A set of interacting parts in which neither the parts nor the whole can be understood without taking into account the interactions
Component
Proteins and pools of nutrients
Positive Feedback
In a system when a product of a system speeds up and earlier process
Negative Feedback
A product of a system slows down an earlier process in the system
Nucleotides
Nucleotides in DNA allows the organism to assemble proteins
Evolution
The change in the genetic makeup of biological populations through time
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA
What is science?
The orderly process of posing and answering questions about the natural world through repeated and unbiased experiments and observations
What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
- Observation
- Questions
- Hypothesis
- Predictions
- Testing
Hypothesis
A statement that provides a possible explanation for an observation
Scientific Theory
A large conceptual framework in which rigorously tested and well-established facts and principles are used to make predictions about the natural world.
What is modern synthesis?
Unites different theories together and is the major unifying principle of biology
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy is neither created nor destroyed. The energy in a closed system remains constant
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Disorder (entropy) tends to increase.
When energy is converted from one form to another, some of that energy becomes unavailable for doing work
Archaea
A type of single-celled organism that is different than bacteria
