Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Sciences 121 > Chapter 6: Part 2 Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Part 2 Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

All life forms require what?

A

They require an energy source and a carbon source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of carbon source?

A
  1. Autotroph

2. Heterotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism can make its own food from inorganic substances and it fixes carbon CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heterotroph

A

An organism that can’t produce its own food requires food from organic carbon (Consumers in the food chain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of energy source?

A
  1. Phototroph

2. Chemotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phototroph

A

An organism that captures energy from sun-light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chemotroph

A

An organism that uses either an organic or inorganic source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Organisms that can make their own energy using light and carbon dioxide via the process of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

is an organism that produces its cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP, directly from the environment using a chemical source. It uses carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

are unable to utilize carbon dioxide to form their own organic compounds. Their carbon source is rather derived from sulfur, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Photoheterotroph

A

an organism that makes energy from light but uses organic materials for its carbon source instead of inorganic carbon dioxide, which is used by photoautotrophs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Is the process of capturing energy from sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

A

Energy from light drives the process of light energy transfers electrons from water/H2O (oxidize) to carbon dioxide/CO2 (reduced) to produce carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A
  1. Redox reactions
  2. Electron transport
  3. Chemiosmosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Cyanobacteria are the closest relatives of chloroplasts and do oxygenic photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two pathways(stages) for photosynthesis?

A
  1. Light-dependent reactions (occurs in the thylakoid membrane)
  2. Light-independent reactions (aka Calvin cycle and occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts membrane)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Light-dependent reactions

A

Are enzymes that only work in light and convert light energy into chemical energy (in ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Light-independent reactions

A

It uses the ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reaction along with CO2 to produce carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Light

A

Is a form of electromagnetic radiation, which travels as a wave but also behaves as particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Photon

A

A light particle (that can excite an electron when a molecule absorbs it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pigments

A

Molecules that absorb light within the visible spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Absorption Spectrum

A

Records the wavelengths over which a pigment absorbs light

23
Q

What are the two groups of pigments in photosynthetic organisms?

A
  1. Chlorophyll A and B pigment

2. Carotenoid pigment

24
Q

Chlorophyll Pigment structure and purpose

A

Chlorophyll molecules have complex ring structures that absorbs light and drive the light reactions in photosynthesis

25
Q

Carotenoid Pigments

A

Are accessory pigments that absorbs wavelengths of light between the red and blue wavelengths, and transfer a portion of that energy to the chlorophylls

26
Q

Photosystem

A

large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light, play a key role in the light reactions.

27
Q

Photosystem 2

A

One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane; it has two molecules of 680nm chlorophyll A at its reaction center, makes ATP and uses electrons from light

28
Q

Photosystem 1

A

P700, makes NADPH and does not take place first

29
Q

What are the 2 photosystems?

A
  1. Photosystem 1 (PSI)

2. Photosystem 2 (PSII)

30
Q

Calvin cycle is composed of what?

A

It is composed of three distinct processes, each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme

31
Q

What are the three processes of the Calvin cycle?

A
  1. Carbon fixation
  2. Reduction and sugar productions
  3. Regeneration of RuBP
32
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

A CO2 molecule combines with a five-carbon acceptor molecule, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). This results in 6C molecule that is unstable and breaks down into two 3C molecules

33
Q
  1. Reduction and Sugar Production
A

is the second stage where ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecules of a three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). This stage gets its name because NADPH donates electrons to, or reduces, a three-carbon intermediate to make G3P.

34
Q

Regeneration of RuBP

A

Some G3P molecules go to make glucose, while others must be recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptor.

35
Q

RuBP Acceptor

A

Is a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

36
Q

Rubisco

A

Ribulose carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate).

37
Q

How many ATP can be made in the Calvin cycle?

A

54 ATP

38
Q

What can influence the efficiency and the way the Calvin cycle work?

A

Light intensity
Temperature
Water availability

39
Q

Photorespiration

A

is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the Calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide.

40
Q

C3 Plants

A

A “normal” plant—one that doesn’t have photosynthetic adaptations to reduce photorespiration

41
Q

C4 Plants

A

A plant that physically separates the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle

42
Q

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)

A

A plant that uses a pathway to minimize photorespiration by separating the process of light-dependent reactions and the use of CO2 at different times

43
Q

Stomata

A

the small openings (pores) on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

44
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Where some organisms use chemical energy rather than light energy to fix carbon

45
Q

Chlorophyll A

A

Is the primary pigment of photosynthesis and absorbs orange-red and blue-violet light

46
Q

Chlorophyll B

A

Is the accessory pigment of photosynthesis and is not necessary for photosynthesis to occur and absorbs blue light

47
Q

What is Chlorophyll A’s main job?

A

Chlorophyll A’s central role is to be a primary electron donor in the electron transport chain.

48
Q

What is Chlorophyll B’s main job?

A

Chlorophyll B’s central role is to expand the absorption spectrum of organisms

49
Q

Cyclic Electron Transport

A

It uses only photosystem I and produces only ATP

50
Q

Antenna Complex in Photosynthesis

A

is a collection of pigments and proteins that capture and funnel energy from light.

51
Q

What is the role of Rubisco?

A

The role is to catalyze the bonding of CO2 to an unstable six-carbon compound. It also uses O2 and CO2 as substrates

52
Q

Carbon dioxide is “fixed” by bonding to what?

A

ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, RuBP

53
Q

Chloroplast

A

Is n organelle with two membranes, the inner membrane being folded into stacks of thylakoids, forming the inner membrane space, the lumen, and the stroma

Biological Sciences 121 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions