Chapter 4: Cells Flashcards

Question

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 1

Is a network of interconnected membranes in the cytoplasm with a large surface area

Answer 2

Rough ER and smooth ER

Answer 3

Is the site of much protein synthesis, which occurs on ribosomes on its surface, which transport across a membrane

Answer 4

Is where proteins and other molecules are chemically modified

Answer 5

Is composed of flattened sacs (cristernae) and small enclosed vesicles

Answer 6

1. It concentrates, packages, and sorts protein before they're sent to their cellular or extracellular destinations 2. They add or remove carbohydrates or proteins 3. Add sulfate groups and add signal peptides

Answer 7

They originate from the Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

1. Contain hydrolases (digestive enzymes) that can break down macromolecules into smaller monomers 2. break down viruses and bacteria 3. involves in other cell processes including secretion, plasma membrane repair, cell signaling, and cellular metabolism

Answer 9

Plural of mitochondria and are the cell's energy source

Answer 10

They are bound by 2 lipid membranes

Answer 11

They have large pores, and most substances can pass through it

Answer 12

They have extensive folds called cristae to increase surface area.

Answer 13

Is the fluid inside the mitochondria inner membrane and contains enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes

Answer 14

Contains the green pigment chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

Answer 15

Is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy

Answer 16

It is enclosed within 2 membranes

Answer 17

A space within the cytoplasm of a cell, which is mainly found in plants and fungi

Answer 18

1. Stores poisonous and distasteful waste that may deter herbivores 2. Water enters the vacuole by osmosis, creating a turgor pressor

Answer 19

Is the force within a cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

Answer 20

Is composed of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments that support the cell and is involved in cell and organelle movement

Answer 21

1. support the cell and maintains its shape 2. holds cell organelles and other particles in position within the cell 3. Moves organelles and other particles around within the cell 4. Is involved with movements of the cytoplasm called cytoplasmic streaming 5. Interacts with extracellular structures, anchoring it in place

Answer 22

1. Microfilaments 2. Intermediate filaments 3. microtubules

Answer 23

Are made up of many linked monomers of a protein called actins

Answer 24

1. Help the entire cell or parts of a cell to move (pseudopodia = false feet) 2. Determine and stabilize cell shape 3. cytoplasma streaming = move cytoplasm in a cell 4. cytokinesis = cell division

Answer 25

Are the type of cytoskeleton that are diverse and stable, made of multiple strands of fibrous protein wound together.

Answer 26

1. They anchor cell structures in place 2. maintain nuclear position in cell 3. help maintain cell rigidity

Answer 27

are long, hollow, and unbranched cylinders

Answer 28

1. Form a rigid internal skeleton for some cells or cell region 2. Act as a framework along which motor proteins can move structures within the cell 3. Are the main structural component of cilia and flagella

Answer 29

are short and usually have many present, move with stiff power stroke and recovery stroke (Basically swimming with multiple legs and arms)

Answer 30

Have longer and usually one or two present, undulating movement (can push or pull the cell through its aqueous environment)

Answer 31

They have 9 pairs of fused microtubules on outside and 2 unfused inner microtubules

Answer 32

1. provide rigid support for the cell and limits volume 2. Act as a barrier to infection 3. Contributes to form during growth and development