Chapter 43: Species Interactions Flashcards
Commensalism
Where one species benefits while the other species is unaffected
Amensalism
Where one species is harmed while the other species is unaffected (mostly accidental)
Mutualism
An interaction where both species gain something
Obligate Symbiosis
is when two organisms are in a symbiotic relationship because they can’t survive without each other
Antagonism interaction refers to what?
At least 1 individual will get hurt
Consumer-Resource Interactions
organisms get their nutrition by eating other living organisms
Competitive Exclusion Principle
It states similar species will have similar ecological niches, and will, therefore, compete for resources
Resource Partitioning
is the division of limited resources by species to help avoid competition in an ecological niche
Ecological Niche
is a term for the position of a species within an ecosystem, describing both the range of conditions necessary for the persistence of the species and its ecological role in the ecosystem
Interspecific Competition
is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem
Intraspecific Competition
is a form of competition in which individual of the same species compete for limited resources
Trophic Cascade
Refers to changes in a food web where energy is passed from one organism to others in that community
Consumer-resource interactions can lead to what?
It can lead to an evolutionary arms race in which prey continually evolve better defenses while predators continually evolve better offenses, and neither gains any lasting advantage over the other
Interspecific competition can lead to what?
It can lead to resource partitioning and coexistence.
What are the defensive strategies for resource species against predation and herbivory?
- Mobile animals use speed, size, and weapons
2. Others hide, use camouflage, or mimic other species
Mimicry
an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object
Müllerian mimicry
occurs in nature when two or more harmful species look very similar in order to ward off potential predators
Batesian mimicry
Occurs when an organism mimics the appearance of another organism that doesn’t taste good
Batesian mimicry
Occurs when a palatable organism mimic resembles an unpalatable model
Invasive Species
is an organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native
What are the three ways that an invasive species can negatively affect native species?
- Displacement
- Direct predation/parasitism
- Change the ecosystem
Sessile
Rooted in space
