Principles of antimicrobials Flashcards
Polymixins are effective against __. Give MOA
Gram negative bacteria by disrupting the permeability of outer membrane and cytoplasmic membranes
Daptomycin are effective againts ___ by ___ (MOA)
Gram positive bacteria. Forms a channel that causes depolarization of the membrane by efflux of intracellular ions
Chloramphenicol is inactivated by __ (mechanism of inactivation)
Acetylation by chromalphenicol acetyltransferase
Treatment for gonococcal opthalmia
1% silver nitrate or erythromycin
Give mechanism of and mode of action: Beta lactams
Mechanism: Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Mode: Microbicidal
Give mechanism of action: Bacitracin
Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. By interfering with dephosphorylation in cycling of lipid carrier that transfers peptidoglycan
Give mechanism of action: Cycloserine
Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
Give mechanism and mode of action: Vancoymycin
Mechanism: Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Binds to the D-Ala-Dala terminues of peptidoglycan. This inhibits translgycosylase, to prevent further elongation of peptidoglycan and cross-linking. Mode: microbicidal
Give mechanism of action: Imidazoles
Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
Give mechanism and mode of action: Macrolides
Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic
Give mechanism and mode of action: Chloramphenicol
Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic
Give mechanism of action: Fusidic Acid
Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit
Give mechanism and mode of action: Lincosamides
Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic
Give mechanism of action: Oxazilidinones
Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit
Give mechanism and mode of action: Aminoglycosides
Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 30s subunit. Mode: microbicidal
Give mechanism of action: Tetracycline
Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 30s subunit
Give mechanism and mode of action: Quinolones
Mechanism: Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis. Mode: microbicidal
Give mechanism and mode of action: Rifampicin
Mechanism: Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis. Mode: microbicidal
Give mechanism and mode of action: Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole
Mechanism: Inhibits folic acid synthesis (metabolites). Mode: Microbiostatic
Give mechanism of action: Ziduvudine
Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid
Give mechanism of action: Ganciclovir
Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid
Give mechanism of action: Acyclovir
Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid
Give mechanism of action: Vidarabine
Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid
Why do you not give static agents in immunocompromised patients?
Microbiostatic agents only inhibit the growth of bacteria. The normal immune mechanisms is needed to eradicate the bacteria.
Spectrum of activity: Penicillin G
Narrow spectrum: gram positives
Spectrum of activity: Vancomycin
Narrow spectrum: gram positives
Spectrum of activity: 3rd Generation Cephalosporin
Narrow Spectrum: gram negatives
Spectrum of activity: Aminopenicillins
Broad Spectrum
Spectrum of activity: Chloramphenicol
Broad Spectrum
Spectrum of activity: Tetracyclines
Broad Spectrum
Spectrum of activity: 2nd generation cephalosporins
Broad Spectrum
Spectrum of activity: Imipenem
Broad Spectrum
Adverse effect potential: Aminoglycosides
Neprotoxic, Ototoxic, Neurotoxic
Adverse effect potential: Macrolides
Ototoxic
Adverse effect potential: Vancomycin
Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic
Adverse effect potential: Tetracycline
Nephrotoxic, Hepatotoxic
Adverse effect potential: Rifampicin
Hepatotoxic
Adverse effect potential: Pyrazinamide
Hepatotoxic, hyperuricemic
Adverse effect potential: Isoniazid
Hepatotoxic, peripheral neuropathy
Adverse effect potential: Beta lactams
Hypersensitivity, neurotoxic
Adverse effect potential: Sulfonamides
Hypersensitivity, Hematologic toxicity
Adverse effect potential: Streptomycin
Nephortoxic, ototoxic
Enumerate drugs contraindicated in G6PD deficiency
Quinonolones, sulfonamides and sulfones, Chloramphenicol, Chloroquines, Furazolidone, Proguanil, Diaminopyrimidines
Adverse effect potential: Erythromycin estolate
HIGH Hepatotoxic potential