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2nd Year - Pharmacology > Principles of antimicrobials > Flashcards

Principles of antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Polymixins are effective against __. Give MOA

A

Gram negative bacteria by disrupting the permeability of outer membrane and cytoplasmic membranes

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2
Q

Daptomycin are effective againts ___ by ___ (MOA)

A

Gram positive bacteria. Forms a channel that causes depolarization of the membrane by efflux of intracellular ions

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3
Q

Chloramphenicol is inactivated by __ (mechanism of inactivation)

A

Acetylation by chromalphenicol acetyltransferase

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4
Q

Treatment for gonococcal opthalmia

A

1% silver nitrate or erythromycin

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5
Q

Give mechanism of and mode of action: Beta lactams

A

Mechanism: Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Mode: Microbicidal

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6
Q

Give mechanism of action: Bacitracin

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. By interfering with dephosphorylation in cycling of lipid carrier that transfers peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Give mechanism of action: Cycloserine

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Give mechanism and mode of action: Vancoymycin

A

Mechanism: Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Binds to the D-Ala-Dala terminues of peptidoglycan. This inhibits translgycosylase, to prevent further elongation of peptidoglycan and cross-linking. Mode: microbicidal

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9
Q

Give mechanism of action: Imidazoles

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Give mechanism and mode of action: Macrolides

A

Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic

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11
Q

Give mechanism and mode of action: Chloramphenicol

A

Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic

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12
Q

Give mechanism of action: Fusidic Acid

A

Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit

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13
Q

Give mechanism and mode of action: Lincosamides

A

Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic

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14
Q

Give mechanism of action: Oxazilidinones

A

Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit

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15
Q

Give mechanism and mode of action: Aminoglycosides

A

Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 30s subunit. Mode: microbicidal

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16
Q

Give mechanism of action: Tetracycline

A

Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 30s subunit

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17
Q

Give mechanism and mode of action: Quinolones

A

Mechanism: Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis. Mode: microbicidal

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18
Q

Give mechanism and mode of action: Rifampicin

A

Mechanism: Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis. Mode: microbicidal

19
Q

Give mechanism and mode of action: Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

A

Mechanism: Inhibits folic acid synthesis (metabolites). Mode: Microbiostatic

20
Q

Give mechanism of action: Ziduvudine

A

Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid

21
Q

Give mechanism of action: Ganciclovir

A

Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid

22
Q

Give mechanism of action: Acyclovir

A

Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid

23
Q

Give mechanism of action: Vidarabine

A

Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid

24
Q

Why do you not give static agents in immunocompromised patients?

A

Microbiostatic agents only inhibit the growth of bacteria. The normal immune mechanisms is needed to eradicate the bacteria.

25
Q

Spectrum of activity: Penicillin G

A

Narrow spectrum: gram positives

26
Q

Spectrum of activity: Vancomycin

A

Narrow spectrum: gram positives

27
Q

Spectrum of activity: 3rd Generation Cephalosporin

A

Narrow Spectrum: gram negatives

28
Q

Spectrum of activity: Aminopenicillins

A

Broad Spectrum

29
Q

Spectrum of activity: Chloramphenicol

A

Broad Spectrum

30
Q

Spectrum of activity: Tetracyclines

A

Broad Spectrum

31
Q

Spectrum of activity: 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

Broad Spectrum

32
Q

Spectrum of activity: Imipenem

A

Broad Spectrum

33
Q

Adverse effect potential: Aminoglycosides

A

Neprotoxic, Ototoxic, Neurotoxic

34
Q

Adverse effect potential: Macrolides

A

Ototoxic

35
Q

Adverse effect potential: Vancomycin

A

Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic

36
Q

Adverse effect potential: Tetracycline

A

Nephrotoxic, Hepatotoxic

37
Q

Adverse effect potential: Rifampicin

A

Hepatotoxic

38
Q

Adverse effect potential: Pyrazinamide

A

Hepatotoxic, hyperuricemic

39
Q

Adverse effect potential: Isoniazid

A

Hepatotoxic, peripheral neuropathy

40
Q

Adverse effect potential: Beta lactams

A

Hypersensitivity, neurotoxic

41
Q

Adverse effect potential: Sulfonamides

A

Hypersensitivity, Hematologic toxicity

42
Q

Adverse effect potential: Streptomycin

A

Nephortoxic, ototoxic

43
Q

Enumerate drugs contraindicated in G6PD deficiency

A

Quinonolones, sulfonamides and sulfones, Chloramphenicol, Chloroquines, Furazolidone, Proguanil, Diaminopyrimidines

44
Q

Adverse effect potential: Erythromycin estolate

A

HIGH Hepatotoxic potential

2nd Year - Pharmacology (18 decks)

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