Primer Questions Flashcards
Dysgeusia may result from a dietary deficiency of the nutrient?
zinc
Pantothenic acid is a component of:
coenzyme A
Selenium deficiency has been implicated in the development of:
subclinical hypothyroidism
The dietary fatty acid considered to be essential in the diet of humans is:
linoleic acid
Iron is absorbed in the small intestine in the form of:
ferrous iron
The risk of congenital microencephaly increases during pregnancy when habitual
intake of pre-formed vitamin A exceed the RDA for vitamin A by:
5-fold
Vitamin C, vitamin E, and -carotene may exert cardioprotective effects by:
inhibiting the oxidation of LDL.
Signs of a deficiency in essential fatty acids include:
dull skin and dandruff
The form in which fatty acids usually are found in food is as:
triglycerides.
A dietary source of omega-3 essential fatty acids is:
flax oil
The disease associated with deficiency of vitamin B1 is known as:
beri-beri.
Polyneuropathy may accompany chronic consumption of large amounts of:
alcohol
Of beef, bacon, salmon, and broccoli, the food source with the greatest nutrient
density (g per 100 Kcal) for fat is:
bacon
Chromium influences plasma glucose concentrations by stimulating:
myocyte sodium-glucose transport
Most vegetables are generally considered to be nutritionally inferior to most
animal proteins because typically they contain:
fewer essential amino acids
Two vitamins which are very toxic when ingested in amounts 10-fold or more
greater than the current USRDA are:
vitamin A and vitamin D.
An early indicator of impending selenosis is:
garlic odor of breath
The consumption of 1750 excess Kcal will result in the deposition of new body
fat weighing:
227 g.
Iron in foods is primarily in the form of:
ferric iron
Most of the activated folic acid in the human body is in the form of:
methyltetrahydrofolic acid.
A good dietary source of riboflavin is a:
steak
Among the foods beef, bacon, fish, and spinach, the food source with the greatest nutrient density (mg per 100 Kcal) for iron is
spinach
Among the following foods (cheese, salmon, beef, green leafy vegetables), the nutrient density of vitamin D is greatest in
salmon
The best source of supplemental calcium for an elderly woman with
hypochlorhydria is:
calcium citrate
Excessive consumption of dietary fiber impairs the bioavailability of zinc, protein, EFA, or vitamin D?
zinc
Cruciferous vegetables lack:
highly bioavailable calcium.
The vitamin K content of human breast milk is:
low
25-OHD3 is converted to 1,25-(OH)2D3 by:
renal cells
Daily consumption of 50 Kcal of excess dietary energy for a year will produce a
weight gain of:
4 to 5 pounds.
Skeletal manifestations of hypervitaminosis A include
cortical porosis
Selenium is a required cofactor for:
glutathione peroxidase.
Vitamin E deficiency in humans commonly results in?
neurological dysfunction
Dietary proteins are of high biological value when they are obtained from:
eggs, chicken meats and cheddar cheese.
The dietary change that is the most effective in contributing to a decrease in
serum total cholesterol concentration is:
a decrease in saturated fat intake.
The USDA “food pyramid” does not recommend:
up to 5 meat servings daily
The protein intake standard the USRDA uses to reflect protein quality is the:
protein efficiency ratio.
The biological value of food proteins can be enhanced by:
combining them with complementary food proteins
Intake of chromium below 30 μg/day has been associated with decreased:
skeletal mass.
The daily calcium requirements of postmenopausal women who are not receiving
estrogen replacement therapy are approximately:
1,500 mg of calcium as calcium carbonate.
The daily calcium requirements of postmenopausal women who are not receiving
estrogen replacement therapy can be met by the daily consumption of:
five (5) cups of skim milk.
Reduced consumption of salt and salty foods may:
reduce blood volume and blood pressure
The quality of foods voluntarily selected by a population or group is not likely to
be improved by:
changes in guidelines.
In men between the ages of 25 and 75, average daily iron needs generally:
remain the same
Examples of dietary nutrients that are not absorbed directly into the enterohepatic portal blood system include:
A. amino acids
B. medium-chain fatty acids
C. monosaccharides
D. long-chain fatty acids
D. long-chain FA
primer pg 27
The hormone responsible for the decrease in gastrointestinal smooth muscle tone and motility during pregnancy is: A. estrogen B. progesterone C. placental lactogen D. human chorionic ghonadotropin
B. progesterone
primer pg 27
The ingestion of a meal containing large amounts of saturated fat will result in a transient increase in serum concentration of: A. chylomicrons B. low-density lipoproteins C. high-density lipoproteins D. micelles
A. chylomicrons
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The product of enterokinase reactions is: A. trypsin B. chymotrypsin C. pepsin D. carboxypeptidase
A. trypsin
primer pg 28
Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier: A. heme B. ferritin C. transferrin D. albumin
C. transferrin
primer pg 28
The organs most active in the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol are the liver and the: A. gallblader B. pancreas C. adrenal glands D. intestinal mucosa
D. intestinal mucosa
primer pg 28
Lactulose is a carbohydrate that is: A. absorbed in the small intestine B. absorbed in the large intestine C. a nonabsorbable laxative D. not found in the human diet
C a non absorbably laxative
primer pg 28
Digested dietary protein is absorbed primarily in the: A. stomach B. duodenum C. jejunum D. ileum
C jejunum
primer pg 28
Monosaccharides are transported across the placenta from the maternal circulation to the fetal circulation by. the process of: A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. active transport D. pinocytosis.
B. facilitated diffusion
primer pg 28
If a bolus containing 600 mOsm/L enters the jejunum, the net direction of fluid movement in the intestinal tract will be:
A. from the intestinal lumen to the circulation
B. from the circulation to the intestinal lumen
C. longitudinally along the mucosal basement member
D. from the circulation to the lymphoid system
B. fro the circulation to the intestinal lumen
primer page 28
The structures of linolenic acid and gamma linolenic acid differ in their: A. Chain lengths B. double bond positions C. Numbers of double bonds D. Side chain moieties
C. Numbers of double bonds
primer pg 38
An example of a compound that is not considered to be a component of dietary fiber is: A. Pectin B. Hemicellulose C. Amylose D. Cellulose
C. Amylose
primer pg 38
Dietary fats and oils primarily are composed of: A. Triglycerides B. Polyunsaturated fatty acids C. Saturated fatty acids D. Monounsaturated fatty acids
C. Saturated fatty acids
primer pg 38
A nutrient considered to be conditionally essential when:
A. it cannot be replaced by a metabolic precursor
B. It is malabsorbed
C. its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs
D. it requires a second essential nutrient to be effective
C. Its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs
primer pg 38
Vitamin reserves can become depleted because all vitamins are: A. synthesized inefficiently B. essential nutrients C. Metabolized quickly D. excreted rapidly
B. essential nutrients
primer pg 38
The process of adding a nutrient to manufactured foods as a public health measure is called: a. restoration. b. enrichment. c. fortification. d. supplementation.
c. fortification.
primer pg 39
Food additives can be used:
a. as effective preservatives.
b. without restriction.
c. to compensate for improper processing practices.
d. without risk.
A. as effective preservatives
primer pg 40
Nutrification is the:
a. addition of a nutrient to a food in order to assure the distribution of that
nutrient to a target population group.
b. specific addition of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron to white flour.
c. structural modification of complex carbohydrates.
d. addition of at least 25% of the RDA of a nutrient to a food product that has
been designed to replace a meal or food item
A. addition of a nutrient to a food in order to assure the distribution of that
primer pg 40
