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DIT Primer > Primer 4 - Mycology > Flashcards

Primer 4 - Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 medically important yeasts?

A
  1. Candida albicans
  2. Cryptococcus neoformans
  3. Pnemocystis jirovecii
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2
Q

How can you differentiate from oral leukoplakia from Epstein-Barr virus from oral thrush from Candida Albicans?

A

Oral leukoplakia are white patches on the side of the tongue that cannot be removed. Oral thrush can be scrapped off, leaving a raw bleeding mucosa. Thrush covers the top of the tongue and back of the mouth.

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3
Q

What are three symptoms of candida esophagitis?

A
  1. Painful swallowing
  2. Substernal chest pain
  3. Feeling of obstruction when swallowing.
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4
Q

What is special about candida infection compared to other mycotic infection in terms of what it does to the vaginal environment?

A

Candida lowers pH while other vaginal infections raise the pH.

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5
Q

What is an important clinical finding in diaper rash caused by candidiasis?

A

Satelite lesions.

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6
Q

What is intertrigo?

A

Rash on the folds of the body.

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7
Q

What is one of the most prevalent mycotic agents that causes meningitis in AIDS patients?

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans.

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8
Q

What is a widely used medium to culture fungi?

A

Sabourd agar

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9
Q

What is a famous lesion seen in meningitis that is caused by cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Soap-bubble lesions.

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10
Q

What is the treatment for crytococcus meningitis?

A

Begins with Amphoteracin B + flucytocin and then followed by single therapy fluconazole.

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11
Q

What does Pneumocystis jirovecii cause?

A

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia that can develop into a deadly pneumonia. Causes walking pneumonia.

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12
Q

When do you start Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis in AIDS patients?

A

When CD4 count falls below 200.

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13
Q

What does Aspergillus fumigatus cause in the lungs?

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis or be a colonizer and great a fungus ball in the lung cavity.

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14
Q

What is the characteristic finding in culture of Aspergillus fumigatus?

A

Hyphae that is narrow sceptate that branches at acute angles (less than 45 degrees).

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15
Q

What is the characteristic finding in culture of Mucor and Rhizopus?

A

With broad irregular nonseptate hyphae that branch at wide angles (> 90 degrees).

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16
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

Tinea unguium - mycotic infection on the nails.

17
Q

What causes tinea versicolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

18
Q

What is the clinical presentation of tinea versicolor?

A

Hipopigmented patches and sometimes hyperpigmented patches of skin in the back.

19
Q

What do we find in a KOH preparation of a skin scrapping of malassezia furfur?

A

Spaghetti and meatballs.

20
Q

What is a dymorphic fungi?

A

A fungi that can be grown as a mold form or a yeast form: 20 degrees you get mold and 37 degrees you get yeast.

21
Q

What are 5 agents of disease associated with Birds?

A
  1. Histoplasma capsulatum.
  2. Cryptococcus neoformans.
  3. Chlamydophila psittaci
  4. H5N1 influenza
  5. West Nile Virus
22
Q

What is the pathophysiology of histoplasma capsulatum?

A

The fungus hides inside macrophages.

23
Q

What is the geological range of blastomyces dermatitidis?

A

States bordering the Mississippi river and Ohio River all the way up to Canada and down to Mexico.

24
Q

What histological finding do we find with blastomyces dermatitidis?

A

Broad-based budding. Blasto yeast forms are about the same size of RBC.

25
Q

What is arthroconidia and in which type of fungus is it seen?

A

Arthroconidia is a type of fungal spore typically produced by segmentation of pre-existing fungal hyphae. These spores are asexual. They are seen in Coccidioides immitis.

26
Q

What is a histological finding of paracoccidioides braseliensis?

A

Captain’s wheel appearance.

27
Q

What are two clinical presentations that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cause?

A

Severe pneumonia and granulomatous changes in the mucus and skin.

28
Q

What is the usual route of infection of Sporothrix schenckii?

A

Gets inside the skin through trauma; “rose-gardener’s disease”.

29
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Sporothrix schenckii?

A

Small ulcer or pustule at the site of infection, and then nodules appear along the draining lymphatics, nodules are usually painless, even when ulcerate.

30
Q

What is a simple remedy for cutaneous Sporothrix schenckii?

A

Potassium iodide. [Plant erodes in a Pot (for potassium)].

31
Q

Which yeast is responsible for causing meningitis in AIDS patients?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans.

32
Q

Which fungus is found in SW USA including Texas and California?

A

Coccidiodies immitis.

33
Q

Which fungus is found in the Mississippi and Ohio River basins?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum.

34
Q

Which fungus causes San Joaquin Valley fever?

A

Coccidioides immitis.

35
Q

What fungus is found in states east of the Mississippi River?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis.

36
Q

What fungus has broad-based budding of yeast?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis.

37
Q

What fungus has multiple budding of yeast form?

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

DIT Primer (30 decks)

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