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DIT Primer > Primer 28 - Hepatitis > Flashcards

Primer 28 - Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the genetic structure of Hepatitis A virus?

A

Single Stranded RNA virus.

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2
Q

How is Hepatitis A transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route.

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3
Q

How is Hepatitis E transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route.

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4
Q

Is there a carrier state for Hepatitis A?

A

No.

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5
Q

What is the incubation period for Hepatitis A?

A

2 weeks.

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6
Q

What outstanding fact is associated with Hepatitis E?

A

Very complicated or deadly in pregnant women.

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7
Q

What is the genomic structure of Hepatitis D?

A

It is incomplete, or defective single stranded RNA. “Hep D for Defective”.

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8
Q

What is unusual about Hepatitis D?

A

Cannot infect unless the patient already has Hepatitis B.

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9
Q

What is the genomic structure of Hepatitis C?

A

Single stranded RNA.

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10
Q

What is the most common way to transmitt Hepatitis C?

A

Parentally.

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11
Q

How is Hepatitis C diagnosed?

A

Anti Hep C virus antibodies.

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12
Q

What is the percentage of Hepatitis C becoming a chronic disease?

A

It is 80-90 percent.

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13
Q

What risk is increased in carrier states of Hepatitis C?

A

Hepatocellular cancer.

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Hepatitis C?

A

Interferon and ribavirin.

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15
Q

What is the most common transfusion mediated hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis C.

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16
Q

What is the genomic structure of Hepatitis B?

A

Double stranded DNA virus.

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17
Q

What is the only hepatitis virus that has DNA?

A

Hepatitis B.

18
Q

What is the percentage of patients having a chronic hepatitis from hepatitis B infection?

A

It is 10 percent.

19
Q

What is the percentage of infants or immunocompromised patients developing chronic hepatitis for Hepatitis B?

A

It is 80-90%.

20
Q

What are the 6 big drugs to give to patients with Hepatitis B infection?

A
  1. Interferon
  2. Lamivudine
  3. Adefovir
  4. Entecavir
  5. Telbivudine
  6. Tenofovir
21
Q

What is a Dane particle?

A

An intact hepatitis B particle.

22
Q

What is the incubation time for hepatitis B?

A

It is 60 to 90 days.

23
Q 
What do the following stand for?
HBsAg
HBsAb
HBcAb
HBeAg
HBeAb
A 
HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface Antigen.
HBsAb: Hepatitis B surface Antibody.
HBcAb: Hepatitis B core Antibody.
HBeAg: Hepatitis B "E" antigen.
HbeAb: Hepatitis B "E" antibody.
24
Q

What does HBsAg being positive mean?

A

That there is active disease going on.

“Hepatitis B surface antigen are the bad guys.”

25
Q

What does HBsAb being positive mean?

A

It means that you do not have active disease. It can mean two things: Either you have had the disease before (and recovered) or have been immunized by vaccination.
“Hepatitis B surface antibody are the Good Guys.”

26
Q

What does HBcAb being positive mean?

A

It means two things: It will be +IgM for early acute infection and window period. It will be +IgG for Chronic infection or complete recovery.

27
Q

What does HBeAg being positive mean?

A

That the virus is actively replicating, which indicates a high transmissibility.

28
Q

What does HBeAb being positive mean?

A

That there is going to be a low transmisibility.

29
Q

What is the first particle to be elevated in Hepatitis B infection?

A

HBsAg.

Hepatitis B surface Antigen.

30
Q

What is the window period in Hepatitis B?

A

HBsAg rises about a month after exposure and then after 5 and a half months later, it goes down. Two weeks later the HBsAb finally begins to rise. The two week period when both HBsAg and HBsAb are low/absent is called the window period.

31
Q 
What does this indicate?
HBsAg: +
HBsAb: -
HBcAb: +IgM
HBeAg: +
HBeAb: -
A

Early Acute Infection.

32
Q 
What does this indicate?
HBsAg: -
HBsAb: -
HBcAb:+IgM
HBeAg: +/-
HBeAb: +/-
A

Window period.

33
Q 
What does this indicate?
HBsAg: +
HBsAb: -
HBcAb: +IgG
HBeAg: +
HBeAb: -
A

Chronic Infection with HIGH transmitability.

34
Q 
What does this indicate?
HBsAg: +
HBsAb: -
HBcAb: +IgG
HBeAg: -
HBeAb: +
A

Chronic Infection LOW transmisibility.

35
Q 
What does this indicate?
HBsAg: -
HBsAb: +
HBcAb: +IgG
HBeAg: -
HBeAb: +
A

Past Infection and fully recovered.

36
Q 
What does this indicate?
HBsAg: -
HBsAb: +
HBcAb: -
HBeAg: -
HBeAb: -
A

Vaccinated.

37
Q

What is an accompanying feature of autoimmune hepatitis?

A

A lot of patients have other types of autoimmune disease such as type I Diabetes, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, ulcerative colitis.

38
Q

What medications are used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C?

A

Interferon alpha: Chronic hepatitis B and C

Ribavirin: Chronic hepatitis C

39
Q

Which antibodies can be used to help make the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis?

A
  1. ANA (+), Anti-smooth muscle Ab (+)
  2. Anti-liver-kidney microsomal Ab (+)
  3. Anti-mitochondrial Ab (-)
40
Q

What antibodies indicate Type I autoimmune hepatitis?

A

ANA (+) and/or anti-smooth muscle antibody (+).

41
Q

What antibodies indicate Type II autoimmune hepatitis?

A

Liver/Kidney microsomal antibody (+) and/or liver cytosol antigen (+).

42
Q

What is good lab finding to tell the difference between alcohol induced hepatitis versus a viral induced hepatitis?

A

AST is higher than ALT in alcohol induced hepatitis.
“A Scotch and Tonic”.
ALT will be equal or higher than AST in viral induced hepatitis.

DIT Primer (30 decks)

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