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DIT Primer > Primer 17 - Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Primer 17 - Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Hemicholiniam function ?

A

Inhibit the choline transport.

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2
Q

Once, Into the cell what enzyme convert acetyl-coA + choline to ACh ?

A

Choline acetyltranseferase.

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3
Q

What is the drug that inhibit the ACh package in the vesicle ?

A

Vesamicol

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4
Q

What kind of functions does the calcium in the presynaptic membrane?

A

Release vesicles.

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5
Q

Patient who suffered a black widow spider attack, what mechanism is activated for the toxin?

A

The toxin stimulates the release of ACh, and cause spastic paralysis.

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6
Q

What effect does the botulinum toxin?

A

Inhibit the release of ACh in the synaptic membrane , and causes flaccid paralysis.

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7
Q

What drug degraded ACh ?

A

ACh Esterase, in the postsynaptic membrane.

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8
Q

Which enzyme convert the Phenylalanine to Tyrosine, and what is the disease when there are deficit of this enzyme?

A

Phenylalanine Hydroxylase, the disease is Phenylketonuria.

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9
Q

Newborn who present an Autosomal recessive disorder with intellectual disability, growth retardation, seizures, fair skin, eczema and musty body odor, what is the enzyme affected and which is the treatment?

A

The patient has phenylketonuria deficit of phenylalanine Hydroxylase. The treatment consist In Less phenylalanine and high tyrosine diet, also tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation.

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10
Q

Which is the primordial cofactor to develop dopamine?

A

B6 pyridoxine

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11
Q

Which is the cofactor to develop norepinephrine from dopamine?

A

Vitamin C

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12
Q

What drug inhibit the Tyrosine Hydroxylase enzyme?

A

Metyrosine

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13
Q

Which enzyme convert tyrosine to dopa?

A

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

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14
Q

What step is inhibit by Reserpine?

A

The Norepinephrine packing into the vesicle.

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15
Q

What substances can release the norepinephrine from the vesicles?

A

Amphetamine, ephedrine and tyramine.*inhibitory for Guanethidine and Bretylium.

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16
Q

Which are the norepinephrine receptors in the postsynaptic membrane ?

A

Adrenoreceptors alpha or beta

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17
Q

Which receptors are in the presynaptic membrane that can inhibit release of norepinephrine ?

A

Alpha 2 (sympathetic) and parasympathetic M2

18
Q

Which is the release-modulating receptors for the norepinephrine ?

A

AT II (angiotensin 2) receptor in the presynaptic membrane.

19
Q

What substances inhibit the norepinephrine reuptake?

A

Cocaine, TCAs ( Tricyclic antidepressant) and amphetamine.

20
Q

What enzyme can Methylates norepinephrine ?

A

Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)

21
Q

What function do the Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)?

A

Oxidizes norepinephrine.

22
Q

Which G-protein linked second messenger receptor does vascular smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction)?

A

Alpha 1 sympathetic G-protein class q, Also it does mydriasis, and intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction.

23
Q

Which is the choline cotransport?

A

Na, Sodium.

24
Q

What is the receptor that inhibit norepinephrine release and also inhibits norepinephrine-mediated vasoconstriction?

A

Alpha 2 receptor, G-protein class i

25
Q

Which of the receptors beta increase heart rate and myocardial contractility?

A

Beta 1 receptor G-protein class s, also increase renin release.

26
Q

Which of the beta receptors have their major functions in lung?

A

Beta 2 receptor G-protein class s, major functions: -vasodilation -bronchodilation -tocolysis(decrease uterine tone), -ciliary muscle relaxation.

27
Q

Where you can find the M1 and M2 receptors?

A

M1 G-protein class q = Enteric nervous system, “rest and digest”. M2 G-protein class i = decrease contractility and heart rate in the atria the SA node.

28
Q

Which is the receptor that increase bladder contraction, increase gut peristalsis, lacrimation or tearing?

A

M3 G-protein class q, also it making mitosis and bronchoconstriction.

29
Q

Major functions of D1 and D2 receptors:

A 
D1 G-protein class s: relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle.
D2 G-protein class i: modulates transmitter release, especially in brain.
30
Q

What receptor is involved in the symptoms of the allergy?

A

H1 G-protein class q receptors also are responsible for pruritus and bronchoconstriction.

31
Q

Patient who has gastritis, which Histamine receptor is involved I the increase gastric acid secretion?

A

H2 receptor G-protein class s

32
Q

Vasopressin 1 and 2 functions:

A 
V1 G-protein class q (increase vascular smooth muscle contraction).
V2 G-protein class s (increase reabsorption in collecting tubules of the kidney) v2 is found in the 2 kidneys.
33
Q

Which receptor response to epinephrine and norepinephrine ?

A

Alpha and beta receptors

34
Q

Muscarinic receptors response to…

A

Acetylcholine.

35
Q

How many receptors are used by Dopamine?

A

D1 and D2

36
Q

What enzyme is activated by Gq receptor?

A

Phospholipase C. Norepinephrine>phospholipase C> separate PiP2 in 1) Ip3>increase calcium > smooth muscle contraction.
2) DAG > protein kinase C.
“Cutesies HAVe 1 M&M”.

37
Q

Gi i inhibit Adenylyl cyclase which are Gi receptors?

A

MAD’2

38
Q

What is the function of Gs?

A

Stimulate Adenylyl cyclase that convert ATP in cAMP and development protein kinase A that increase calcium (heart), and myosin light-chain kinase(smooth muscle)

39
Q

What substances inhibit the reuptake norepinephrine ?

A

Cocaine and TCAs.

40
Q

What substances stimulate the release of norepinephrine from neurons?

A

Calcium, amphetamines, ephedrine and tyramine.

41
Q

What G protein class does each of the following receptors stimulate? Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1 and 2, Muscarinics 1,2 and 3, and Dopamine 2.

A

Alpha 1 (q), alpha 2 (i), beta 1(s) and 2 (s), M1(q), M2(i), M3(q), D2(i).

42
Q

Outline the pathway by which stimulation of Gs receptor activates protein Kinase A?

A

Gs active Adenylate cyclase> increased levels of cyclic AMP> activation of protein kinase A.

DIT Primer (30 decks)

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