Primer 20 - Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards
What is a common cause of visual hallucination?
Side effects of medical illness like dementia or intoxication.
What is the most common cause of auditory hallucination?
More common in psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia.
What is the most common cause of olfactory hallucinations?
Often occur before seizures or brain tumors.
What disease is associated with tactile hallucinations?
Alcohol withdrawal And cocaine use. Can also cause formication - with an M: means the sensation of insects crawling under the skin.
What are hypnagogic hallucinations?
Hallucinations when you are about to go to sleep; the word “go” in the word hypnagogic, tell you that it happens when you are GOING to sleep. They are often auditory hallucinations.
What are hypnopompic hallucinations?
Hallucination when you are about to wake. The “M” in hypnopompic is for Morning.
What is Delusional Disorder?
A fixed, persistent non-bizzare belief that lasts for more than one month. One big distinction of this disease is that the functioning is not impaired. Often self-limited.
What is Shared Psychotic Disorder?
Development of delusions in a person in a close relation with someone suffering Delusional disorder.
What is the change in anatomy in patients with schizophrenia?
Their brains are smaller, ventricles are enlarged and cortex is thinner.
What is most distinct environmental risk factor for schizophrenia?
Exposure to psychoactive substances during adolecense and young adulthood; marijuana, LSD, cocaine, amphetamines.
What are positive symptoms?
“Adding something that should not be there.”
Delusions, hallucinations (auditory), Disorganized speech, Disorganized or catatonic behavior.
What are negative symptoms?
“When you take away something that is normally there”
Flat effect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation and speech, thought blocking, poor grooming.
What would be the physiological cause of increase in positive symptoms?
An increase in dopamine in mesolimbic pathway.
What would be the physiological cause of increase in negative symptoms?
Current hypothesis is that decreased dopamine in mesocortical tract.
What is schizophreniform disorder?
Same symptoms of schizophrenia but last only up to 6 months.
What is Brief psychotic disorder?
A period of psychosis lasting less than on month, usually due to stress.
What is schizoaffective disorder?
Schizophrenic psychosis with a mood disorder. You have to have at least two weeks of psychotic symptoms while the mood is stable: pure psychosis with no mood disorder. The dominant feature is the psychosis with a little of mood disorder.
What are the 2 categories for antipsychotic drugs?
Typical and atypical antipsychotics.
What is another name for typical antipsychotics and what are the two main categories of it?
AKA traditional neuroleptics, it is divided by low potency and high potency.
What are the side effects of low potency antipsychotics?
It causes anticholinergic effects: sedation, dry mouth, ileus, urinary retention.
What are the side effects of high potency antipsychotics?
They have fewer anticholinergic effects but cause more extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Also causes neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
What are two important low potency antipsychotic?
Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine.
What are five important high potency antipsychotics?
Haloperidol, Fluphenazine, Loxapine, Thiothixene, Trifluoperazine.
What are the side effects of atypical antipsychotics?
Fewer extrapyramidal symptoms and fewer anticholinergic symptoms. Causes weight gain.
