Primer 29 - Adrenal Steroid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

From which structure is derived the medulla?

A

Medulla derived from Neural Crest.

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2
Q

Which are the layers from the adrenal cortex?

A

[GFR] 1)zona Glomerulosa. 2)zona Fasciculata. 3)zona Reticularis.

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3
Q

Which product is secreted by adrenal cortex in his zona Glomerulosa?

A

Aldosterone.

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4
Q

Which product is secreted by adrenal cortex in his zona Fasciculata?

A

Cortisol.

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5
Q

Which product is secreted by adrenal cortex in his zona Reticularis?

A

Sex hormone.

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6
Q

What is the mnemonic for the secretory products of the adrenal cortex?

A

[The deeper you go, the sweeter it gets].GFR corresponds with Salt (Na), Sugar (Glucocorticoid), and Sex (androgens).

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7
Q

Which is the principal cell of the Medullary?

A

Chromaffin cells, also produces catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine).

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8
Q

What is the most common adrenal medulla tumor in adults?

A

Pheochromocytoma. Increase secretion of catecholamines that results in episodic hypertension.

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9
Q

What is the most common adrenal medulla tumor in children?

A

Adrenal Neuroblastoma. Rarely causes hypertension.

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10
Q

Why is important the fetal adrenal gland ?

A

Because the pneumocytes 2 cannot mature an start to secreting surfactor without Cortisol.

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11
Q

Which enzyme convert cholesterol to pregnenolone?

A

Cholesterol Desmolase.

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12
Q

Which drug inhibit cholesterol Desmolase?

A

Antifungal drug Ketoconazol for this reason inhibit all the production of all the steroids cortisol and testosterone. And also ACTH stimulates Desmolase.

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13
Q

Which are the reactions where the enzyme 3-beta Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase do?

A

Convert: 1) Pregnenolone to progesterone.

2) 17 alpha OH-Pregnenolone to 17 alpha OH-progesterone. 3) Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to Androstenedione.

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14
Q

Which enzyme converts pregnenolone to 17 alpha OH-Pregnenolone and also progesterone to 17 alpha

A

17alpha-Hydroxylase

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15
Q

Which enzyme converts progesterone to Deoxycorticosterone and also converts 17alpha OH-progesterone to 11-Deoxycortisol?

A

21 alpha Hydroxylase

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16
Q

Which enzyme converts: 1)Deoxycorticosterone to Corticosterone. 2)11-Deoxycortisol to Cortisol.

A

11beta-Hydroxylase.

17
Q

Which enzyme converts corticosterone to Aldosterone?

A

Aldosterone Synthetase.

18
Q

What enzyme can Angiotensin II stimulate to release?

A

Aldosterone can be stimulates by angiotensin II.

19
Q

Which are the 2 actions of angiotensin II?

A

1)Potent vasoconstrictor. 2)Stimulates Aldosterone secretion

20
Q

Which are the two products that androstenedione can be?

A

Estrone and testosterone

21
Q

Which enzyme convert Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?

A

5alpha- reductase.

22
Q

Which drug inhibits 5alpha reductase?

A

Finasteride inhibit formation the more potent DHT

23
Q

Converts :

1) Androstenedione to Estrone –> Estriol.
2) Testosterone to Estradiol

A

Aromatase can find in the ovaries

24
Q

What happens if your patient have a 21alpha Hydroxylase deficiency?

A

There are not aldosterone and cortisol but there are more androgens and that produces masculinization, blood pressure low, hypekalemia,

25
Q

Which is the differences between 21alpha and 11beta deficiencies?

A

21 hypotension and 11 hypertension (mineralocorticoid)

26
Q

What happens with 17alpha Hydroxylase deficiency?

A

Only can produces mineralocorticoids that’s cause water retention and hypertension as well hypokalemia, ambiguous genitalia because de sex hormones are low.

27
Q

Which enzyme deficiency is inability to produces: high ACTH and low Cortisol. Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Androgens, Estrogens.

A

3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, also produces ambiguous genitalia, early death, and excessive sodium urine excretion.

28
Q

What does 17alpha-Hydroxylase deficiency cause?

A

Inability to produce sex hormones and cortisol that’s causes phenotypic female unable to mature, also increased production of mineralocorticoids that causes sodium and fluid retention its produces hypertension.

29
Q

What does 21 Hydroxylase deficiency cause?

A

Inability to produces cortisol(high ACTH). Inability to produces mineralocorticoids (Hypotension). Increased production of sex hormones (Masculinization).

30
Q

What does 11beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency cause?

A

Inability to produces: Cortisol, Corticosterone, Aldosterone. Increased production of Deoxycorticosterone: Hypertension. Increased production of sex hormones: Masculinization.

31
Q

What are the symptoms of 21alpha-Hydroxylase deficiency?

A

Hypotension and masculinization.

32
Q

What are the symptoms of 11beta-Hydroxylase deficiency?

A

Hypertension and masculinization.

33
Q

What food substance is an essential starting point in the synthesis of adrenal steroid?

A

Cholesterol

34
Q

From which structure is derived the cortex?

A

Cortex derived from Mesoderm.