Primer 29 - Adrenal Steroid Synthesis Flashcards
From which structure is derived the medulla?
Medulla derived from Neural Crest.
Which are the layers from the adrenal cortex?
[GFR] 1)zona Glomerulosa. 2)zona Fasciculata. 3)zona Reticularis.
Which product is secreted by adrenal cortex in his zona Glomerulosa?
Aldosterone.
Which product is secreted by adrenal cortex in his zona Fasciculata?
Cortisol.
Which product is secreted by adrenal cortex in his zona Reticularis?
Sex hormone.
What is the mnemonic for the secretory products of the adrenal cortex?
[The deeper you go, the sweeter it gets].GFR corresponds with Salt (Na), Sugar (Glucocorticoid), and Sex (androgens).
Which is the principal cell of the Medullary?
Chromaffin cells, also produces catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine).
What is the most common adrenal medulla tumor in adults?
Pheochromocytoma. Increase secretion of catecholamines that results in episodic hypertension.
What is the most common adrenal medulla tumor in children?
Adrenal Neuroblastoma. Rarely causes hypertension.
Why is important the fetal adrenal gland ?
Because the pneumocytes 2 cannot mature an start to secreting surfactor without Cortisol.
Which enzyme convert cholesterol to pregnenolone?
Cholesterol Desmolase.
Which drug inhibit cholesterol Desmolase?
Antifungal drug Ketoconazol for this reason inhibit all the production of all the steroids cortisol and testosterone. And also ACTH stimulates Desmolase.
Which are the reactions where the enzyme 3-beta Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase do?
Convert: 1) Pregnenolone to progesterone.
2) 17 alpha OH-Pregnenolone to 17 alpha OH-progesterone. 3) Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to Androstenedione.
Which enzyme converts pregnenolone to 17 alpha OH-Pregnenolone and also progesterone to 17 alpha
17alpha-Hydroxylase
Which enzyme converts progesterone to Deoxycorticosterone and also converts 17alpha OH-progesterone to 11-Deoxycortisol?
21 alpha Hydroxylase
Which enzyme converts: 1)Deoxycorticosterone to Corticosterone. 2)11-Deoxycortisol to Cortisol.
11beta-Hydroxylase.
Which enzyme converts corticosterone to Aldosterone?
Aldosterone Synthetase.
What enzyme can Angiotensin II stimulate to release?
Aldosterone can be stimulates by angiotensin II.
Which are the 2 actions of angiotensin II?
1)Potent vasoconstrictor. 2)Stimulates Aldosterone secretion
Which are the two products that androstenedione can be?
Estrone and testosterone
Which enzyme convert Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?
5alpha- reductase.
Which drug inhibits 5alpha reductase?
Finasteride inhibit formation the more potent DHT
Converts :
1) Androstenedione to Estrone –> Estriol.
2) Testosterone to Estradiol
Aromatase can find in the ovaries
What happens if your patient have a 21alpha Hydroxylase deficiency?
There are not aldosterone and cortisol but there are more androgens and that produces masculinization, blood pressure low, hypekalemia,
Which is the differences between 21alpha and 11beta deficiencies?
21 hypotension and 11 hypertension (mineralocorticoid)
What happens with 17alpha Hydroxylase deficiency?
Only can produces mineralocorticoids that’s cause water retention and hypertension as well hypokalemia, ambiguous genitalia because de sex hormones are low.
Which enzyme deficiency is inability to produces: high ACTH and low Cortisol. Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Androgens, Estrogens.
3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, also produces ambiguous genitalia, early death, and excessive sodium urine excretion.
What does 17alpha-Hydroxylase deficiency cause?
Inability to produce sex hormones and cortisol that’s causes phenotypic female unable to mature, also increased production of mineralocorticoids that causes sodium and fluid retention its produces hypertension.
What does 21 Hydroxylase deficiency cause?
Inability to produces cortisol(high ACTH). Inability to produces mineralocorticoids (Hypotension). Increased production of sex hormones (Masculinization).
What does 11beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency cause?
Inability to produces: Cortisol, Corticosterone, Aldosterone. Increased production of Deoxycorticosterone: Hypertension. Increased production of sex hormones: Masculinization.
What are the symptoms of 21alpha-Hydroxylase deficiency?
Hypotension and masculinization.
What are the symptoms of 11beta-Hydroxylase deficiency?
Hypertension and masculinization.
What food substance is an essential starting point in the synthesis of adrenal steroid?
Cholesterol
From which structure is derived the cortex?
Cortex derived from Mesoderm.
