Primary and Secondary Bone Tumours

Question 1

Are primary bone tumours mostly seen in adults or children?

Answer 1

Children

Question 2

Are primary or secondary bone tumours more common?

Answer 2

Secondary

Question 3

Name 4 primary bone tumours

Answer 3

Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma

Question 4

What is the most common primary bone tumour?

Answer 4

Osteosarcoma

Question 5

What condition is osteosarcoma associated with?

Answer 5

Paget’s disease

Question 6

What is Paget’s disease?

Answer 6

A chronic bone disorder, abnormal bone remodelling.
Increased bone resorption followed by excessive and chaotic bone formation.
Leads to overgrowth and weakened bone tissue.
Bone deformities, pain, other complications.

Question 7

What age are most patients with Osteosarcoma?

Answer 7

15-19 y/o

Question 8

Where do osteosarcomas metastasise to?

Answer 8

Lungs

Question 9

How do you describe an X-ray of an osteosarcoma?

Answer 9

“Sunburst” bone

Question 10

What is Ewing sarcoma?

Answer 10

Very rare type of malignant neoplasm in bones or soft tissues.
From mesenchymal stem cells
Most commonly long bones.
Primarily seen in children and young adults.

Question 11

What is fibrosarcoma?

Answer 11

Rare type of cancer originating in fibrous connective tissue.
Develops from fibroblasts

Question 12

What is chondrosarcoma?

Answer 12

Type of cancer arising from chondrocytes (cartilage-forming cells), mostly within bones.

Question 13

What are symptoms of bone cancer?

Answer 13

Severe pain, worst at night
Decreased range of motion of long bone/vertebrae
Weight loss
Fatigue
Fever
malaise

Question 14

How do you diagnose primary bone tumours?

Answer 14

Skeletal isotope scan
X-ray osteolysis
Increased ALP
Increased ESR/ CRP
Hypercalcaemia

Question 15

How do you treat bone tumours?

Answer 15

Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Bisphosphonates

Question 16

What does osteolytic mean?

Answer 16

Process involving destruction or resorption of bone tissue. Used to describe bone lesions or abnormalities. Lesions appear where active bone resoption and loss of bone density.

Question 17

What are 2 cancers which commonly metastasise to the bones?

Answer 17

Breast and lung

Question 18

What does osteosclerotic mean?

Answer 18

Process characterised by abnormal increased density or thickening of bone tissue

Question 19

Name 3 cancers that can cause osteosclerotic secondary bone cancer

Answer 19

Prostate
Thyroid
RCC

Question 20

How can you remember the types of cancers that metastasis to the bone?

Answer 20

Think “lead kettle” = PBKTL

Prostate
Breast
Kidney
Thyroid
Lung

Question 21

M______ can also cause bone pain

Answer 21

Myeloma

(remember OLD CRAB)