Previous Exam Questions Flashcards
A controlled experiment is one that
tests experimental and control groups and the same time
All of the following are eukaryotic except
fungus, plant, bacteria, animal, protist
bacteria
Taxonomic hierarchy
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Bond strength strongest to weakest
triple nonpolar covalent, double nonpolar covalent, single nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, ionic
cation and anion
positive and negative
Why does atomic mass of isotopes change?
because the number of neutrons changes
Electronegativity as you travel across the periodic table
increases left to right
increases bottom to top
Bohr model
model with rings showing electrons/ electron shells
Lewis structure
chemical symbol with valence electrons represented as dots around it
OH-
hydroxide
H+
hydronium
what type of molecule is RNA
nucleic acid
what type of bonds do nucleic acids have between its monomers?
phosphodiester
what is robert hooke known for
cork cells
cell wall of prokaryotes made of
peptidoglycan
plant cells prefer a ___ solution
hypotonic
animal cells prefer a ____ solution
isotonic
Gibbs free energy equation
change in G = change in H - T(change in S)
H- enthalpy (energy)
T- temperature
S- entropy (disorder)
endergonic gibbs
positive
uses energy
exergonic gibbs
negative
releases energy
enzymes do not affect
change in Gibbs free energy, they only lower activation energy
reducing agent in cellular respiration
glucose
reduces oxygen
oxidizing agent in cellular respiration
oxygen
oxidizes glucose
which enzyme catalyzes reduction of NADP+
reductase
adds H
calvin cycle steps
fixation, reduction, regeneration
what ligand cannot diffuse through the cell membrane and what do they do instead?
polar, bind to transmembrane protein receptor
Kinase
catalyzes phosphorylation
causes signaling cascades
RuBP
ribulose bisphosphate
rubisco
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase
G3P
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
phosphatase
remove phosphate groups
can stop signaling cascades
In the plant life cycle gametes are produces as a result of
mitosis
mitosis is also called
karyokinesis
enzyme associated with apoptosis
caspases
both cells are ___ at the end of mitosis 1
haploid
which enzyme catalyzes rxn that reduces FAD -> FADH2
and NAD -> NADH
dehydrogenases
how to find protons, neutrons, and electrons from atomic symble
atomic number = both electrons and protons
atomic mass = protons + neutrons
USF and SF in membrane fluidity
USF fluid
SF viscous
LDL vs HDL
low vs high density lipoproteins
low: deposits cholesterol in blood vessels
high: removes cholesterol from blood to liver
Protein confirmation
primary: linear AA
secondary: H bonding, pleated sheets
tertiary: 3D, R groups int, ionic and covalent
Quaternary: aggregate together -> functional protein
