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Bio 111 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Autotrophs

A

“self feeders”
consume h2o and co2
produce sugar and o2
producers/base of food web

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2
Q

Hetertrophs

A

“other feeders”
consume autotrophs
consumers
decomposers

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3
Q

Photosynthetically active plant tissue/cells

A

anything green (from chlorophyll)
majority in leaves
mesophyll cells
stomata (gas exchange underside of leaf)

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4
Q

Chloroplasts

A

30 to 40 per cell
double membrane
stroma (space)
thylakoids (with pigment)

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5
Q

grana

A

stacks of thylakoids

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6
Q

photosynthesis formula

A

light energy (+686kcal) + 6co2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6CO2

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7
Q

Light dependent rxn.

A

first half
thylakoids, water oxidization, photo phosphorylation (create atp), ATP + NADPH
O2

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8
Q

Light independent rxn.

A

second half
calvin cycle, co2 reduction, stroma, ADP+ and NADP+
“sugar”

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9
Q

Wavelength

A

distance from peak to peak
short : high energy tightly packed
long: lower energy

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10
Q

range of visible light

A

380-740 nm
most E violet - red least E
what we see is reflection not absorption
7-8 min for sunlight to reach us

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11
Q

Photosynthetic pigments

A

large organic molecules, interact with light
(reflected [green], transmitted, absorbed)

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12
Q

Major plant pigments

A

Chlorophyll a
violet-blue and red
Chlorophyll b
blue and yellow
(Chlorophyll main photosynthetically active)
Carotenoids
violet and blue green

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13
Q

Excitation of electrons

A

ground state (stable)
excited state
electrons absorb energy and “jump” to high energy state
unstable and short lived
when electrons fall back down they release energy

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14
Q

Photosystems

A

embedded complexes in the thylakoid membrane, think olive
mix of protein and pigments
light harvesting complex and
reaction center complex

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15
Q

Light harvesting complex photosystems

A

outside of olive, absorb photons, energy passed like wave between pigments, excited electrons

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16
Q

Reaction center complex
photosystems

A

pit of olive, surrounded by light harvesting complex
proteins and many pigments
special chlorophyll a (p680 and p700)

17
Q

Photosystem 2

A

first photosystem (discovered second), chloro-a p680 (Shorter wavelength will absorb more E)

18
Q

Photosystem 1

A

second photosystem (discovered first), chloro-a p700 (longer wavelength absorbs less E)

19
Q

Electron flow

A
  1. pigments absorb photon and excite electrons; fall back down and absorbed by another pigment
  2. p680 of P2
    passes e- to primary acceptor, becomes oxidized and can split H20
  3. enzyme helps split H2O; begins PMF through H into thylakoid space (O2 from H2O)
  4. e- to P1 through ETC
    O2 at beginning; terminal acceptor p700+.
    free energy -> H pump
  5. PMF
    used to make ATP
  6. light photons in P1
    excited with P2 simultaneously
    p700 chloro-a excites to primary acceptor; becomes oxidizer and attracts e in ETC
  7. e- go to second ETC through Fd protein makes more NADPH
  8. NADP+ reductase reduces to NADPH takes H from stroma (keeps gradient)
  9. then ATP and NADPH leave for the calvin cycle
20
Q

Photosynthesis gradient

A

Stroma -> Thylakoid space
light -> chemical E (atp)
water -> ATP (split allows)
ATP; TS-> stroma

21
Q

Calvin cycle phases

A

carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration

22
Q

RuBP

A

Ribulose bisphosphate
regenerated in the calvin cycle

23
Q

Carbon fixation
calvin cycle

A

C from CO2 fixed into RuBP
Rubisco used to catalyze

24
Q

Rubsico

A

RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase
enzyme called rubisco used to catalyze carbon fixation

25
Q

G3P

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
product of calvin cycle
3 carbon sugar
takes 3 co2 for 1 net G3P (6 for 2)
3 turns of cycle

26
Q

Reduction
Calvin cycle

A

reduction to G3P
6 G3P for 3 CO2 (1 usable 5 recycled)
6 ATP and NADPH used
recycled G3P into RuBP

27
Q

Regeneration
Calvin cycle

A

regenerating CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
multiple rxns
rearrange G3P molecules
5 G3P -> 3 RuBP
3 ATP consumed

28
Q

Tally from 3 CO2 in calvin cycle

A

1 G3P to be used
5 G3P for RuBP regen
9 ATP consumed
6 NADPH consumed

6 CO2? double it

29
Q

Problems with photosynthesis

A

H2O loss, Photorespiration, Reactive oxygen species

Bio 111 (13 decks)

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