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Bio 111 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Simple and complex sugars
Immediate energy (Glucose)
Structural support

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2
Q

Monosaccharides

A

“one” “sugar”
Glucose (nutrient)

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3
Q

Disaccharides

A

“two” “sugars”
Glycosidic bond
Dehydration rxn.
(maltose, sucrose)

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4
Q

Polysaccharides

A

“many” “sugars”
All glucose
energy storage (alpha glu)
starch, glycogen
structural (beta glu)
cellulose, chitin

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5
Q

Lipids

A

Fats, all hydrophobic, mostly C-H, dehydration rxn., not long polymers

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6
Q

Triglycerides

A

Fats and oils
formed by 3 dehydration
Ester bond 1 Glycerol to 3 Fatty acids

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7
Q

Saturated fats

A

No double bond present, “saturated” with C-h
Animal source
“bad”
solid at room temp

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8
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

double bond(s) present
Fatty acid(s) in triglyceride
plant source
liquid at room temp
“good”
cis vs. trans fat

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9
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Cis USF -> saturated
Cis-USF -> trans USF
makes more shelf stable

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10
Q

Phospholipids

A

2 non-polar fatty acids (hydrophobic)
1 polar head (hydrophilic)
forms “bi-layer”

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11
Q

Fatty acids and membrane fluidity

A

USF -> “tails” looser
SF-> “tails” tighter

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12
Q

Steriods

A

Plasma membrane fluidity in animal cells, vertebrate sex hormones, converted to bile salts
Good and bad Cholesterol

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13
Q

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

A

Cholesterol chaperones
removes from blood and transports to liver
GOOD

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14
Q

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

A

Cholesterol chaperones
keeps in blood
Deposits in vessels
BAD

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15
Q

Proteins

A

Chemically diverse and common in cells
many different structures and functions made of AA

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16
Q

Amino Acids

A

Monomer of proteins
Peptide bonds to form
Polypeptide -> polymer

17
Q

Amino Acids and peptide bonds

A

Dehydration rxn.
Polypeptide backbone
side chains (R groups)
N and C terminus

18
Q

General structure of AA and peptide bonds

A

Polypeptide = yarn
Protein = Sweater

19
Q

Protein conformation Primary

A

Linear chain of AA held by peptide bonds

20
Q

Protein conformation Secondary

A

H bonding, peptide backbone
alpha helices coiling every 4th AA
beta pleated sheets, parallel sheets

21
Q

Protein conformation Tertiary

A

Interactions with R groups, 3D, H bonds with polar, ionic bonds, covalent bonds (disulfide bridges), additional folding

22
Q

Protein conformation Quaternary

A

more than one 3D polypeptide, aggregate together, functional protein

23
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Store genetic information, polynucleotides, phosphodiester bonds, nucleotide

24
Q

DNA structure

A

5’ -> 3’
3’ -> 5’
Antiparallel polynucleotides
Carbon # and orientation
Base pairs
A <-> T
C <-> G

25
Q

RNA structure

A

Single strand
Uracil, A, G, and C

Bio 111 (6 decks)

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