Chapter 11

Question 1

Homologous pairs

Answer 1

chromosomes with similarities
match up in
overall length, centromere location, banding pattern
DNA and genes may differ in each pair

Question 2

Meiosis Produces

Answer 2

4 haploid (N) ells
genetically distinct
human gametes
4 sperm
1 ovum + 3 polar bodies

Question 3

When DNA replicates meiosis

Answer 3

Everything happens at the beginning in interphase

Question 4

Chiasmata

Answer 4

links homologous chromosomes together, allows for genetic recombination

Question 5

Prophase 1

Answer 5

“crossing over”; genetic recombination
Spindle fibers -> Kintechore

Question 6

Metaphase 1

Answer 6

Metaphase plate
Homologous pairs
Independent assortment

Question 7

Anaphase 1

Answer 7

Separation of homologous pairs

Question 8

Telophase 1

Answer 8

New cells N=23

Question 9

Meiosis 2

Answer 9

daughter cells are 1N, sister chromatids separate.
end result in 4 cells each with one copy, four haploid cells, genetically variable

Question 10

Prophase 2 - Telophase 2

Answer 10

Same as mitosis

Question 11

Genetic variation in meiosis

Answer 11

more likely to survive when we have genetic variation; crossing over, genetic recombination (prophase 1)
1. synapsis (above)
2. independent assortment
3. fertilization

Question 12

Spermatogenesis

Answer 12

formation of sperm
300k/min
400 million/day
meiosis -> 4 sperm

Question 13

Oogenesis

Answer 13

formation of ova
born with ~100k
meiosis -> 1 ova and 3 polar bodies
arrested at prophase 1, completes with fertilization

Question 14

Synapsis

Answer 14

Homologous chromosomes pairing up lengthwise during prophase 1 allowing for genetic recombination