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Bio 111 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fluid-Mosaic Model

A

Fluid: phospholipid
Proteins: Mosaic
Model that explains structure and function of cell membrane

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2
Q

Membrane fluidity

A

cholesterol and carbohydrates (glycoprotein/glycolipid)

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3
Q

Membrane phospholipids

A

Glycerol, phosphate, fatty acids(2), hydrophobic (non polar, tails) and hydrophilic (polar, head)

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4
Q

amphipathic

A

on the same molecule

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5
Q

phospholipid head

A

hydrophilic, head

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6
Q

phospholipid tails

A

hydrophobic, tails

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7
Q

membrane proteins

A

proteins on plasma membrane

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8
Q

Integral protein

A

Penetrate membrane, transmembrane, hydrophobic (alpha helices), hydrophilic channels(beta barrels)
membrane protein

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9
Q

Peripheral

A

Attached to one layer
outside -> extracellular matrix
inside -> Cytoskeleton
Interact with integrals
membrane protein

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10
Q

Transporters

A

channels: (doorway into cell)
movement of ion/molecule
may be voltage or ligand gated (open and close)
membrane protein

Carrier: Interact with specific molecules, binds and allows transport, may involve ATP
membrane protein

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11
Q

Channel transporter

A

doorway into cell
movement of ion/molecule
may be voltage or ligand gated (open and close)
membrane protein

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12
Q

Carrier transporter

A

Interacts with specific molecules, binds and allows transport, may involve ATP
membrane protein

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13
Q

Enzyme membrane protein

A

Integral/peripheral
catalyze rxn.s on plasma membrane
membrane protein

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14
Q

Signal transduction (indirect)

A

receptor protein, specific signal molecule
binding -> confirmation of change
transmit signal and propagate through cell
membrane protein

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15
Q

Cell recognition

A

Glycoproteins, recognized by plasma membrane, temporary close interaction
membrane protein

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16
Q

Embedded proteins

A

fully embedded into phospholipid bilayer

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17
Q

Intracellular junctions

A

Close plasma membrane to plasma membrane connections
protein 1-> protein2
longer lasting communication
tissue formation

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18
Q

Intra/extra cellular protein interactions

A

connection to extracellular matrix/ cytoskeleton
maintain cell shape and function
stabilize protein location
transmit signal out -> in

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19
Q

Cholesterol

A

embedded in membrane, membrane fluidity ( we want cholesterol )
“goldilocks”

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20
Q

High temp cholesterol

A

fluid plasma membrane

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21
Q

Low temp cholesterol

A

viscous plasma membrane

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22
Q

Carbohydrates

A

chain/branching outside of cell
bound to glycoproteins/lipids,
cell-cell recognition

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23
Q

Permeability of Plasma membrane

A

Selectively (semi) permeable

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24
Q

Free movement across PM

A

Passive diffusion, with channel, with carrier

25
Q

Passive diffusion

A

nonpolar molecules (nonpolar tails), gases, glycerol, free

26
Q

movement through PM channel

A

Aquaporins, free

27
Q

movement through PM carrier

A

Glucose, free

28
Q

“fee” required movement across PM

A

active transport, cost ATP, charged particles, large molecules

29
Q

simple chemical diffusion

A

concentration gradient present, down concentration gradient
high -> low
outside -> inside
until equilibrated

30
Q

Spontaneous diffusion

A

No energy required, solute or solvent, often water

31
Q

Passive transport

A

Across PM

32
Q

Diffusion of water

A

High -> low
across PM
PM -> selective
spontaneous, passive (no energy)

33
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Created by H2O differences, pressure required to prevent osmosis

34
Q

Tonicity

A

relative amount of solute in a solution

35
Q

Hypertonic

A

large amount of solute

36
Q

Hypotonic

A

small/no amount of solute

37
Q

Isotonic

A

no gradient (= amount solute concentration)

38
Q

Animal cell hypotonic

A

cytolysis (cell bursts)

39
Q

Animal cell isotonic

A

:-)

40
Q

Animal cell hypertonic

A

crenation (cells shrink)

41
Q

Plant cell hypotonic

A

:-)

42
Q

Plant cell isotonic

A

small shrinkage

43
Q

Plant cell hypertonic

A

Plasmolysis (contraction of protoplast from cell wall)

44
Q

turgor pressure

A

force that pushes plasma membrane of cell against cell wall

45
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

protein assisted diffusion, down concentration gradient
high to low until equilibrated
outside to inside
no energy needed

46
Q

Active transport

A

Costs energy to move across plasma membrane

47
Q

Primary active transport

A

against concentration gradient
low to high
inside to outside
moving ions
energy required
carrier proteins
(uniport, symport, antiport)

48
Q

Uniporter

A

movement of single molecule across membrane
active transport

49
Q

Symporter

A

movement of two or more molecules across membrane in the same direction
active transport

50
Q

Antiporter

A

movement of two or more molecules across membrane in separate directions
active transport

51
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Cotransport (symports)
Movement of one facilitates movement of the 2nd
against concentration gradient
more bang for buck (only pay for one)
Na+ pump (fuels glucose movement and cell uptake of glucose)
Proton pump (fuels diffusion of H+ and sucrose movement)

52
Q

Difference between primary and secondary active transport

A

primary requires ATP (or chem energy)
secondary uses electrochemical gradient (created by active transport) to fuel movement of molecules

53
Q

Bulk transport

A

membrane assisted
continuous (same rate in and out)

54
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bringing into cell

55
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”
large macromolecules/whole organisms

56
Q

Exocytosis

A

Secretion outside of cell

57
Q

Pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking”
small molecules
microvilli of small intestine

58
Q

Transport vesicle

A
  1. from golgi apparatus
  2. along microtubule
  3. travels to PM
  4. fuses and releases contents outside
  5. becomes part of PM
    replenishes/balanced by endocytosis [create vesicle]

Bio 111 (13 decks)

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