PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY AND APPLIED NUTRITION Flashcards
DENTAL CARIES
Caries is a ____ disease caused by:
____
A ___ host ____ of ___ ___
Decreased ___ ___
and ____ for the cavity to develop
Caries is a multifactorial disease caused by: Bacteria A supporting host diet of refined carbohydrates Decreased host resistance and Time for the cavity to develop
Chemo-Parasitic Theory of Caries Development
___ produced by ___ in plaque dissolve the ___ ___
Acids produced by bacteria in plaque dissolve the enamel mineral.
Exposure Time
Cariogenic bacteria in the mouth ____, or break down,___ to form ___, which demineralizes the teeth.
Each time a fermentable carbohydrate enters the mouth, the teeth are exposed to ___ ___
Exposure time refers to exposure of the teeth to___ ___ when you eat a cariogenic food.
Upon exposure to the cariogenic food, the cariogenic bacteria begin producing acid within __ ____.
Acid production continues for about __ ____.
s. The pH of the plaque, which is normally___-____ ____s rapidly.
Cariogenic bacteria in the mouth ferment, or break down, carbohydrates to form acid, which demineralizes the teeth. Each time a fermentable carbohydrate enters the mouth, the teeth are exposed to acid production. Exposure time refers to exposure of the teeth to acid production when you eat a cariogenic food. Upon exposure to the cariogenic food, the cariogenic bacteria begin producing acid within 30 seconds. Acid production continues for about 30 minutes. The pH of the plaque, which is normally 6.2 – 7.0, drops rapidly.
Critical pH =___
If the pH of the plaque falls below 5.5, the enamel will begin to ____
Demineralization vs. remineralization of enamel is a ____ process.
Repeated exposures (more than __ x ___-minute exposures) throughout the day prevent ____ of the tooth structure.
The bacteria must be ____ to produce acid.
Oral hygiene techniques, such as brushing and flossing, can decrease or stop ___ ___ by _____ the bacteria.
If the pH of the plaque falls below 5.5, the enamel will begin to decalcify. Demineralization vs. remineralization of enamel is a dynamic process. Repeated exposures (more than 4 x 30-minute exposures) throughout the day prevent remineralization of the tooth structure. The bacteria must be organized to produce acid. Oral hygiene techniques, such as brushing and flossing, can decrease or stop acid production by disorganizing the bacteria.
Clinical White Spot Lesion Can ____ if cavitation has not yet occurred.
Clinical White Spot Lesion Can remineralize if cavitation has not yet occurred.
Exposure Time
When calculating ___ ___, remember the three F’s:
Food ___ ( ___ ___)
F____ of food (___ vs ___ ____)
F____ of ____
When calculating exposure time, remember the three F’s: Food type (fermentable carbohydrate) Form of food (retentive vs non-retentive) Frequency of eating
FOOD TYPE
Sugars in Order of Cariogenicity
_____– preferred by bacteria.
___ (___ )
___
____
____
___
___
Sucrose (table sugar) – preferred by bacteria. Glucose (dextrose) Maltose Lactose (milk sugar) Fructose (fruit sugar) Sorbitol Xylitol
FOOD TYPE Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Sugars
Intrinsic: ___ ____g in fruits and vegetables.
__ ___ ARE fermentable because the sugars are ____ when the __ ___ is removed from the fruit. Not ___ ____ by the ____
Extrinsic Sugars that are ____ to the food.
Intrinsic Naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables. Dried fruits ARE fermentable because the sugars are concentrated when the water content is removed from the fruit. Not readily fermentable by the bacteria. Extrinsic Sugars that are added to the food.
FOOD TYPE
Obvious sources of sucrose: Candy Honey Cookies Sugar Cakes Jams Pies Jellies Soft drinks Ice cream
Hidden sugars: Peanut butter Ketchup Cornbread Bread BBQ sauce Salad dressings Sweet pickles Cough drops Antacids Liquid medications
Obvious sources of sucrose: Candy Honey Cookies Sugar Cakes Jams Pies Jellies Soft drinks Ice cream Hidden sugars: Peanut butter Ketchup Cornbread Bread BBQ sauce Salad dressings Sweet pickles Cough drops Antacids Liquid medications
FOOD TYPE Simple Carbohydrates
____ (sucrose, fructose, glucose, etc.)
Found in ___, ___, ___ foods.
Found in ____ foods.
Convert ____ to energy.
Give a __ ___of energy, but the energizing effect is __ ___
. ____ ____ by bacteria.
Sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose, etc.) Found in fruit, milk, sweetened foods. Found in processed foods. Convert rapidly to energy. Give a quick jolt of energy, but the energizing effect is not sustained. Readily fermentable by bacteria.
FOOD TYPE
Complex Carbohydrates
____.
Derived primarily from ____, dried beans and peas, grains and grain products.
Found in foods that are both ___ in ___ and contain other ____, such as ___s, ___s,___
Digested more___ than simple carbs.
“___ ____” energy.
___ __ ____ by bacteria.
Starches. Derived primarily from vegetables, dried beans and peas, grains and grain products. Found in foods that are both low in fat and contain other nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, fiber. Digested more slowly than simple carbs. “Sustained-release” energy. Not readily fermentable by bacteria.
FOOD TYPEFruit and Fruit Juices
Fresh fruit, dried fruit and; fruit juices are capable of ___ __ ___.
Fresh fruit is of ___ cariogenicity.
___, ____ use of sugared fruit-flavored drinks are a significant cause of caries in young children.
___ fruits have not been associated with the development of caries at all.
High consumption of fruit or fruit juice can cause ____.
____ the consumption of fresh fruit and ____ consumption of extrinsic sugars would be likely to decrease the level of caries in the population.
Fresh fruit, dried fruit & fruit juices are capable of causing dental caries. Fresh fruit is of low cariogenicity. Prolonged, repeated use of sugared fruit-flavored drinks are a significant cause of caries in young children. Citrus fruits have not been associated with the development of caries at all. High consumption of fruit or fruit juice can cause erosion. Increasing the consumption of fresh fruit and decreasing consumption of extrinsic sugars would be likely to decrease the level of caries in the population.
FOOD TYPE
Milk and bread products are only ___ ___, but may be hazardous if _______________
Example: ___ ____ caries.
There is some evidence that ___ and ____ have a ____ effect against development of caries.
Artificial sweeteners, such as saccharin and aspartame, are ___ ____
High___ or high ___ levels in foods that also contain carbohydrates may___ their ____ for fermentation. Example: ___ ___, ___ ___
Milk & bread products are only slowly fermentable, but may be hazardous if left in the mouth for a long time. Example: Nursing bottle caries. There is some evidence that milk and cheese have a protective effect against development of caries. Artificial sweeteners, such as saccharin and aspartame, are NOT fermentable. High fat or high protein levels in foods that also contain carbohydrates may limit their availability for fermentation. Example: Potato chips, french fries.
FORM OF FOOD
Retentive foods ___ to the ___ and stay in the mouth for a ___ time.
Acid production will continue as long as these foods are in ___ with the teeth. Ex: Caramels, dried fruits, breads.
Non-retentive foods __ __ __ to the teeth and stay in the mouth for a ___ time.
Ex: Chocolate milk, soft drinks, milkshakes.
____ foods require a lot of ____ and stimulate ___ ___
Ex: ___, ___ , ____ (except ____, which are ____ and so are cariogenic).
Retentive foods stick to the teeth and stay in the mouth for a long time. Acid production will continue as long as these foods are in contact with the teeth. Ex: Caramels, dried fruits, breads. Non-retentive foods do not stick to the teeth and stay in the mouth for a short time. Ex: Chocolate milk, soft drinks, milkshakes. Detergent foods require a lot of chewing and stimulate saliva production. Ex: Nuts, fresh fruits & vegetables (except bananas, which are retentive and so are cariogenic).
Does this mean you should advise your patients not to eat bananas?
No, it does not.
Bananas contain valuable ____ and are a much better snack than cookies or candy.
Since bananas are retentive, advise your patient to ___ his/her mouth with water after eating them. This will___ any ____ that may be produced by the bacteria and mechanically ____ any banana that may be left on the teeth.
No, it does not. Bananas contain valuable nutrients, and are a much better snack than cookies or candy. Since bananas are retentive, advise your patient to rinse his/her mouth with water after eating them. This will dilute any acid that may be produced by the bacteria and mechanically remove any banana that may be left on the teeth.
FREQUENCY OF EATING
A fermentable carbohydrate is much more dangerous if eaten ___ the ___ a little at a time, than if eaten all at once.
Example: A can of Coke is more dangerous to your teeth if drunk in small sips over a long period of time than if you chug it.
A fermentable carbohydrate is much more dangerous if eaten throughout the day, a little at a time, than if eaten all at once. Example: A can of Coke is more dangerous to your teeth if drunk in small sips over a long period of time than if you chug it.
