Presidents from 1877-93: Hayes (1877-81) Election Victory and Civil Service Reform Attempts

Question 1

What political party was Hayes under?

Answer 1

Republican

Question 2

What was the issue when the election was over?

Answer 2

The Republicans announced that they had won, but so did the Democrats

Question 3

Which 3 states were uncertain on which candidate to vote for in the 1876 election?

Answer 3

Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana

Question 4

What suppression of votes did not help to make the 1876 election victory be more certain?

Answer 4

The KKK’s suppression of African Americans voting in the election

Question 5

What did Grant do to attempt to find who was the winner in the 3 uncertain states?

Answer 5

Sent troops to try and find the correct results

Question 6

Did Hayes win the 1876 election?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

How many votes in the electoral college did Hayes win by?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

Due to this narrow victory and the Democrats being displeased, what did the Government create?

Answer 8

The Compromise of 1877

Question 9

What did the Compromise of 1877 say?

Answer 9

Hayes could be President but only if Reconstruction ended in The South and troops were taken out of Southern states

Question 10

What did Hayes do with the Compromise of 1877?

Answer 10

He accepted it and became President

Question 11

What ended when the Compromise of 1877 came into place?

Answer 11

Reconstruction

Question 12

What statistic can be shown with jail inhabitants in Southern prisons in the late 1870s showing a shift away from Reconstruction?

Answer 12

Prisons went from being 90% white to 80% black inmates

Question 13

What section of the vote did the Democrats win over Hayes?

Answer 13

The popular vote

Question 14

Why was Hayes able to win the election even though he lost the popular vote? How did the other voting system he won with work?

Answer 14

The Electoral College of each state also gave determining votes, and the number of votes each state could have depended on their population.

Question 15

What did Hayes promise to do with his season?

Answer 15

Only serve for one season

Question 16

What was Hayes called for only sitting for one season?

Answer 16

A ‘lame-duck’ President

Question 17

What was a limitation of Hayes confirming he would only sit for one season?

Answer 17

It meant that not much could be done to fight against corruption

Question 18

Who was the Democrat candidate in the 1876 Election and what were his political views?

Answer 18

Tilden

Question 19

What was the main focus of Tildens campaign?

Answer 19

To end Reconstruction and a Union Army presence in the Southern States

Question 20

What section of the voting in the election did Tilden win?

Answer 20

The popular vote

Question 21

What commission would help to find the results of the 1876 election?

Answer 21

Special Electoral Commission

Question 22

What did the Special Electoral Commission consist of?

Answer 22

7 Republicans, 7 Democrats, 1 Independent

Question 23

What did the Independent do during the vote investigation? Who were they replaced by?

Answer 23

The Independent resigned and was replaced by a Republican

Question 24

What did it mean when the Independent was replaced by a Republican?

Answer 24

It meant that it was an 8 to 7 in favour of the Republicans so Hayes won

Question 25

Which Amendments in The South stopped being implemented after 1877?

Answer 25

14th and 15th Amendment

Question 26

What was the ‘Solid South’? How long did it last?

Answer 26

The political dominance that the Democrats had over the Southern states of the USA from the 1870s to the 1960s

Question 27

How did Reconstruction attempts get undermined in the South?

Answer 27

African Americans were criminalised and terrorised by the KKK if they attempted to vote

Question 28

How did Reconstruction attempts get undermined in the South in terms of with trying to re-implement slavery?

Answer 28

African-American labourers of land were slowly put closer with their landowners

Question 29

What was the ‘party caucus’? Why would they do this?

Answer 29

The event where the Democrat candidate is picked before the election in order to reduce the ability of any anti-segregation movements rising up with political power in this time like the Redeemers

Question 30

What is the National Nominating Convention?

Answer 30

A Convention which takes place during the election years where the two parties decide on their candidates and policies they will include in their manifesto

Question 31

Which two problems did Hayes suffer with in his Presidency?

Answer 31

Civil Service Reform and the Railroad Strike of 1877

Question 32

Which part of the Civil Service did Hayes try and reform?

Answer 32

The Spoils System

Question 33

What would Hayes implement instead of the Spoils system?

Answer 33

A system where people who were actually skilled in certain professions would get the correct jobs

Question 34

What was the impact of Hayes attempting to reform the Civil Service? Who did he especially come in to opposition with?

Answer 34

Many politicians opposed Civil Service Reform, especially New York Custom House leader Roscoe Conkling

Question 35

Which two factions formed on the basis of what could be done to the Civil Service?

Answer 35

Stalwarts and Mugwumps

Question 36

Who led the Stalwarts and what did they want?

Answer 36

Stalwarts were led by Roscoe Conkling and wanted there to be no change to the structure of the Civil Service

Question 37

Why did Roscoe Conkling, especially, oppose Civil Service reform? Why?

Answer 37

He would be less able to use immigrants as an advantage to win more elections as he would no longer be able to give them rewards in the form of jobs

Question 38

What is another term used meaning the same thing as the ‘Spoils System’?

Answer 38

Patronage

Question 39

Did any Civil Service Reform occur during Hayes’ Presidency?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

What did Mugwumps want?

Answer 40

Mugwumps wanted there to be Civil Service Reform

Question 41

Who came as President after Hayes?

Answer 41

Garfield