Foreign Affairs: The Land and Culture Situation for Native Americans by 1890 Flashcards
Which President created the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
Hayes
What is the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
An organisation set up to prevent corruption in the Reservation areas
What association was there for the benefit of Native Americans? (IRA)
Indian Rights Association
What did the Indian Rights Association believe by the second half of the 1800s?
There had to be an end to the tribal way of life for Native Americans
What process did the Indian Rights Association support to bring an end to Native American Culture?
Assimilation Schools
What is significant about the Indian Rights Association’s thoughts by the second half of the 1800s?
They acknowledged that the Native Americans would likely be unable to go back to their old way of living
What was the long term impact of the creation of Assimilation schools by 1899? How much was being spent on them each year?
By 1899, there were 373 Assimilation Schools with over $2.5 million being spent on them each year
Who wrote a criticism in the 1960’s which was sympathetic towards Native Americans and the conditions of the Reservation lands they were put in to?
M Josephy Junior
What did Donald L Parman (Historian) say? Why?
Supported the end of tribal culture, as Native Americans were given vast amounts of land which could help them be economically sustainable
What is a limitation of Donald L Parmans claims about the farmland given to Native Americans? What Bill being proposed for farmers can show this?
There was an agricultural depression at the time. As shown with the proposal of the 1887 Texas Seed Bill
What act was created in 1887 which attempted to make Native Americans into USA citizens?
The Dawes Act of 1887
What could Native Americans do under the Dawes act? Under what condition?
If they left their tribe they were given 160 acres of farmland
What would happen for the Native Americans who obeyed the Dawes Act in terms of gaining citizenship in the USA?
After 25 years, they would gain USA citizenship
What was a limitation of the type of land that Native Americans were given?
It was farmland so they were expected only to be farmers
What was a limitation of the type of land that Native Americans were given with the fact of it being private property?
Native Americans did not understand the concept of private property
What was the impact of many Native Americans not understanding the concept of private property?
They sold the 160 acres of land they had been given
What was a long term impact of the Dawes Act for Native Americans?
They lost 90 million acres of land they owned from 1880 to 1930
What fraction of their land did Native Americans lose and between what years did they lose this?
Between 1880 and 1930, Native Americans lost control of 2/3 of the land they owned.
What happened with the Dawes Act to make it worse for Native Americans and in what year?
In 1891 the act was renewed to only give Native Americans 80 acres of land
What rebellion did the Sioux tribe start in the late 1880s?
The Ghost Dance Rebellion
What was the purpose of the Ghost Dance rebellion?
For all Native Americans to do a ceremonial dance to restore all former land ownership back to them.
When did the Ghost Dance Rebellion end and what event caused it to end?
1890, with the Wounded Knee Massacre
