Foreign Affairs: The Land and Culture Situation for Native Americans by 1890

Question 1

Which President created the Bureau of Indian Affairs?

Answer 1

Hayes

Question 2

What is the Bureau of Indian Affairs?

Answer 2

An organisation set up to prevent corruption in the Reservation areas

Question 3

What association was there for the benefit of Native Americans? (IRA)

Answer 3

Indian Rights Association

Question 4

What did the Indian Rights Association believe by the second half of the 1800s?

Answer 4

There had to be an end to the tribal way of life for Native Americans

Question 5

What process did the Indian Rights Association support to bring an end to Native American Culture?

Answer 5

Assimilation Schools

Question 6

What is significant about the Indian Rights Association’s thoughts by the second half of the 1800s?

Answer 6

They acknowledged that the Native Americans would likely be unable to go back to their old way of living

Question 7

What was the long term impact of the creation of Assimilation schools by 1899? How much was being spent on them each year?

Answer 7

By 1899, there were 373 Assimilation Schools with over $2.5 million being spent on them each year

Question 8

Who wrote a criticism in the 1960’s which was sympathetic towards Native Americans and the conditions of the Reservation lands they were put in to?

Answer 8

M Josephy Junior

Question 9

What did Donald L Parman (Historian) say? Why?

Answer 9

Supported the end of tribal culture, as Native Americans were given vast amounts of land which could help them be economically sustainable

Question 10

What is a limitation of Donald L Parmans claims about the farmland given to Native Americans? What Bill being proposed for farmers can show this?

Answer 10

There was an agricultural depression at the time. As shown with the proposal of the 1887 Texas Seed Bill

Question 11

What act was created in 1887 which attempted to make Native Americans into USA citizens?

Answer 11

The Dawes Act of 1887

Question 12

What could Native Americans do under the Dawes act? Under what condition?

Answer 12

If they left their tribe they were given 160 acres of farmland

Question 13

What would happen for the Native Americans who obeyed the Dawes Act in terms of gaining citizenship in the USA?

Answer 13

After 25 years, they would gain USA citizenship

Question 14

What was a limitation of the type of land that Native Americans were given?

Answer 14

It was farmland so they were expected only to be farmers

Question 15

What was a limitation of the type of land that Native Americans were given with the fact of it being private property?

Answer 15

Native Americans did not understand the concept of private property

Question 16

What was the impact of many Native Americans not understanding the concept of private property?

Answer 16

They sold the 160 acres of land they had been given

Question 17

What was a long term impact of the Dawes Act for Native Americans?

Answer 17

They lost 90 million acres of land they owned from 1880 to 1930

Question 18

What fraction of their land did Native Americans lose and between what years did they lose this?

Answer 18

Between 1880 and 1930, Native Americans lost control of 2/3 of the land they owned.

Question 19

What happened with the Dawes Act to make it worse for Native Americans and in what year?

Answer 19

In 1891 the act was renewed to only give Native Americans 80 acres of land

Question 20

What rebellion did the Sioux tribe start in the late 1880s?

Answer 20

The Ghost Dance Rebellion

Question 21

What was the purpose of the Ghost Dance rebellion?

Answer 21

For all Native Americans to do a ceremonial dance to restore all former land ownership back to them.

Question 22

When did the Ghost Dance Rebellion end and what event caused it to end?

Answer 22

1890, with the Wounded Knee Massacre