Prescribing, Dispensing Medications, Administration and Calculations Flashcards
What are the routes of contamination?
skin
MM, inhalation
open wounds
ingestion
injection
How to prevent hazards through routes?
skin- always wear gloves when handling medications
MM- wear goggles/ mask- ventilation after use- WHO handwashing- no rubbing face/ hands
OpenW- cover with water proof dressing
Ingestion- do not eat/ drink in dispensary, do not wipe face, keep surfaces tidy- not above books/ records
Injection- observe rules relating to needle use- swift disposal of sharps
What are some dispensing considerations?
medicines should be stored/ prescribed in original packaging
child-resistant containers (unless instructed otherwise)
tablets/ capsules in moisture-proof container/ crush proof
sachets/ manufactures strip- dispensed in paperboard cartons
liquid should be in an AMBER bottle
topical preparations- fluted
What are the dispensing checks needed to consider?
dates
strength
number of tablets
additional materials
suitable container
information required (data sheets)
What are the labelling requirements?
all POM-V medications must be labelled with:
name/ address of owner/ veterinary practice supplying
date of supply
name, strength and quantity of product
dosage and directions of use
for animal treatment only
topical- external use only
What drug classifications do not require a prescription?
NFA-VPS (non food animal- vet, pharmacist and SQP)
AVM-GSL (authorised vet medicines- general sales list)
What does the RCVS define as ‘under the vets care’?
vet must be given responsibility for health of animal/ herd by owner
responsibility must be real not nominal
animal must be seen immediatley prior to prescribing or seen recently enough- personal knowledge of condition
maintain clinical records of patient
What are the type of prescription formats?
Oral- vet asks to put up course of tablets for inpatient to go home with
Written- client has right to request prescription- purchasing medications externally
What are the extra prescription requirements?
address must be in the UK
quantity must be written in words/ numbers
form of drug given
declaration that animal is being treated under VS care- MRCVS registration number LEGAL requirement
no repeats for schedule 2 and 3 drugs
schedule 2,3 and 4 are VALID FOR 28 DAYS
What is the Cascade order?
authorised veterinary medicine, then if none try authorised in the UK for another species for different condition but same symptoms
if none,
try find a veterinary medicine from another state outside of the EU, (import certification required)
if none of these,
try a human medicine authorised in the UK
IF NONE OF THESE…
a veterinary surgeon can make their own, pharmacist or SQP with manufacture authorisation
What is the Cascade FOOD order?
withdrawal period has to be specified, specific records should be kept for 5years,
VS should keep records of all unauthrorised and off label used drugs
inform client and obtain their consent
What is the abbreviation I.O?
Intraosessous, into medullary space in bone
What is the abbreviation I.P?
Intraperitoneal, into abdominal cavity
What are the IM injection sites?
Hamstring- large muscle group
Quadriceps- m/s belly defined,
Epaxial- easily palpable site
Triceps- easily palpable
Trapezius- large m/s muscle, done solo
What are some IM injection considerations?
care of sciatic nerve
obese dogs may be inserted into extra fat- not into muscle
temperament
risk of needlestick injuries
risk of infection
small volumes can be injected
What are some IV injection considerations?
directly into the systemic circulation via vein. 100% bioavalibility- quicker than SC/IM,
given through sedatives, opioids and induction agents- time consuming IV catheter might be needed
