Preoperative Pharmacology

Question 1

An unexpected, harmful reaction to a drug.

Answer 1

Adverse raction

Question 2

A drug that produces a response in the body by binding to a receptor.

Answer 2

Agonist

Question 3

Drugs that inhibit the growth of or kill bacteria.

Answer 3

Antibiotics

Question 4

The name of a drug that reflects its molecular structure.

Answer 4

Chemical name

Question 5

Radiopaque solutions (i.e., not penetrated by X-rays) that are introduced into body cavities & vessels to outline their shape.

Answer 5

Contrast media

Question 6

Drugs that have the potential for abuse. ____ ____ are rated according to their risk potential; these ratings are called schedules.

Answer 6

Controlled substances

Question 7

The liquid component of a drug that must be mixed with a powder to form the required drug.

Answer 7

Diluent

Question 8

A drug that is manufactured & sold under its assigned name.

Answer 8

Generic drug

Question 9

The time required for one half of a drug to be cleared from the body.

Answer 9

Half-life

Question 10

Refers to administration of a drug into the spinal canal.

Answer 10

Intrathecal

Question 11

Refers to administration of a drug by injection.

Answer 11

Parenteral

Question 12

The movement of a drug through the tissues & cells of the body, including the processes of absorption, distribution, & localization in tissues; biotransformation; & excretion by mechanical & chemical means.

Answer 12

Pharmacokinetics

Question 13

The period of maximum effect of a drug.

Answer 13

Peak effect

Question 14

The patented name given to a drug by its manufacturer.

Answer 14

Proprietary name

Question 15

The name given to a drug by the company that produces & sells it.

Answer 15

Trade name

Question 16

Refers to administration of a drug by absorption through the skin, such as with ointments or patches impregnated with the drug.

Answer 16

Transdermal

Question 17

A tablet placed under the tongue is:

Answer 17

sublingual

Question 18

Epinephrine is commonly used in surgery for ________.

Answer 18

vasoconstriction

Question 19

During labor, ________ is given to increase the intensity of uterine contractions.

Answer 19

oxytocin

Question 20

Kilo

Answer 20

1,000

Question 21

hecto

Answer 21

100

Question 22

Deca

Answer 22

10

Question 23

1 liter =

Answer 23

1,000 milliliters

Question 24

An _________ is a drug that inhibits blood clot formation, but does not dissolve clots.

Answer 24

anticoagulant

Question 25

A ______ induces blood coagulation.

Answer 25

coagulant

Question 26

A/An ________ drug is placed between the cheek and gum and is absorbed through the vascular oral mucous membrane.

Answer 26

buccal

Question 27

Drug that induces vomiting

Answer 27

Emetic

Question 28

Drug used to induce sleep and in sensibility to pain

Answer 28

hypnotic

Question 29

Drug used to allay (treat) anxiety or excitement or mental tension may be used to induce unconscious state; exerts a soothing or tranquilizing effect

Answer 29

Sedative

Question 30

Routes of admistration for drugs

Answer 30

1. Oral (PO) enteral 2. Parenteral (IV, IM, SC, ID, and intrathecial 3. Topical, rectal, vagina, sublingual and buccal 4. Inhalation

Question 31

1 cc for doses of less than 1 ml (Type of syringe)

Answer 31

Turberculin

Question 32

Calibrated in units up to 100 units (u) (Type of Syringe)

Answer 32

Insulin

Question 33

Six Rights

Answer 33

1. Right patient 2. Right drug 3. Right dose 4. Right route 5. Right time 6. Right label and documentation

Question 34

Broad spectrum antibiotics may be given IV or used in irrigate wounds when mixed with saline; most common Examples Kanamycin (Kantrex), gentamicin (Garamycin)

Answer 34

Aminoglycosides

Question 35

Broad spectrum antibiotics, may be given IV or mixed with saline or lactated ringers solution for irrigation of wounds Examples Cefazolin (Ancef), cefotetan (Cefotan)

Answer 35

Cephalosporins

Question 36

Broad spectrum antibiotic; example: Doxycycline (Vibramycin)

Answer 36

Tetracyclines

Question 37

Interferes with clotting, given IV during vascular surgery, and effects can be reverse prior to closing; can be given in small doses pre/post operatively to prevent formation of blood clots; **reversal agent is procainamide sulfate

Answer 37

Heparin sodium

Question 38

Used to prevent or delay the clotting of blood; example: Heparin sodium and warfin (Coumadin)

Answer 38

Anticoagulants

Question 39

Oral anticoagulant that interferes with synthesis of prothrombin in the liver, used to prevent clots, latent period of 24 hours and residual for several days; generally discontinued prior to surgery or treated with its antidote vitamin K (Mephyton, Aqua Mephyton)

Answer 39

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 40

Used to prevent or counteract an allergic reaction example: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Answer 40

Antihistamines

Question 41

Used to increase urinary output and control edema and hypertension; use in neurosurgery and ophthalmic surgery examples furosemide and mannitol

Answer 41

Diuretics

Question 42

Used to enhance visualization of a structure or for marking skin incisions; examples methylene blue, indigo carmine, brilliant green, and gentian violet

Answer 42

Dyes

Question 43

Used to control bleeding in surgery; examples thrombin, bone wax, absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam), oxidized cellulose (Oxycel, Surgicel), microfibrillar collagen (Avitene), absorbable collagen sponge, and protagonist sulfate

Answer 43

Hemostatic agents (Coagulants)

Question 44

Given IV to counteract the effects of heparin

Answer 44

Protamine sulfate

Question 45

Used to promote utilization of glucose to treat diabetes

Answer 45

Insulin

Question 46

Used to antagonize insulin or treat hypoglycemia

Answer 46

Glucagon

Question 47

Used to identify abnormal tissue usually iodine based examples: Schiller's test (uses Lugols solution) and Lugol's solution for identifying abnormal cervical cells prior to biopsy

Answer 47

Stains

Question 48

Used to constrict blood vessels to raise blood pressure examples vasopressor (Pitressin) and norepinephrine (Levophed)

Answer 48

Vasopressor

Question 49

Skeletal muscle relaxant used in treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia

Answer 49

Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium)

Question 50

Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate, Magnesium sulfate, Potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate

Answer 50

Electrolyte replacement

Question 51

given to combat metabolic acidosis in a cardiac arrest patient (is the chief interstitial (btwn cells) electrolyte and essential in maintaining osmotic pressure)

Answer 51

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 52

given when plasma is not available; Example Dextran (artificial plasma)

Answer 52

Plasma expanders

Question 53

may be used for patients in shock to pull water into the intravascular space

Answer 53

Albumin

Question 54

What is the difference between contrast media, dyes and staining agents?

Answer 54

Dyes are used to mark skin incisions and for visual identification of organ injury or pathology. Staining agents help identify abnormal cells, usually in procedures on the cervix. Staining agents react differently with abnormal cells than they do with normal cells.

Question 55

How is methylene blue used in tubal dye studies?

Answer 55

To check the patency of the Fallopian tubes

Question 56

How does Isosulfan blue (Lymphazurin) help the surgeon find the sentinel node?

Answer 56

This blue injection is used to test how well the lymphatic system is working in certain parts of the body. It works by staining the lymph nodes and lymph vessels, such as the sentinel node.

Question 57

Why is the use of indigo carmine useful in bladder/kidney function tests?

Answer 57

This allows immediate identification of possible leaks or damage to the ureters or bladder, as well as demonstration of kidney function.

Question 58

This staining agent performs a Schilller's test on cervical tissue which stains normal cells brown to detect cervical dysplasia.

Answer 58

Lugol's solution

Question 59

most commonly used agent in loop diuretics, very useful for intracranial procedures. It decreases pressure by quickly removing fluid that forms from a trauma. thiazide diuretic treats hypertension and chronic edema by inhibiting sodium and chloride from being reabsorbed in the nephron

Answer 59

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 60

Which concentration of epinephrine for topical uses only?

Answer 60

1:1000

Question 61

Papavarine - what is it used for?

Answer 61

used for visceral spasm, vasospasm, (intestines, heart, brain) treatment of erectile dysfunction

Question 62

It is who's job to keep track of the amount of medication used during a procedure?

Answer 62

The ST's

Question 63

What does freeze dried and powders require to make a solution?

Answer 63

Sterile water or saline

Question 64

ggts=

Answer 64

drops

Question 65

what is usually the only enteral route drug administered in the OR?

Answer 65

Bicitra

Question 66

All drugs eventually make it where?

Answer 66

To the liver.

Question 67

Most widely used local anesthetic

Answer 67

Lidocaine

Question 68

Most common IV solution used in surgery

Answer 68

Normal saline (NaCl)

Question 69

Needle gauge most appropriate for a local infiltration

Answer 69

25 Gauge

Question 70

Most common complication of diuretic therapy

Answer 70

Hypokalemia

Question 71

One ml =

Answer 71

1cc