Energy Sources in Surgery

Question 1

The complete destruction of tissue.

Answer 1

Ablation:

Question 2

In electrosurgery, the point of the electrosurgical
instrument that delivers current to tissue.

Answer 2

Active electrode:

Question 3

An electrosurgical circuit in which current travels
from the power unit through an instrument containing two
opposite poles in contact with the tissue and then returns
directly to the energy source.

Answer 3

Bipolar circuit:

Question 4

A specific burn hazard of monopolar
endoscopic surgery. It occurs when current passes
unintentionally through instrument insulation and adjacent
conductive material into tissue.

Answer 4

Capacitive coupling:

Question 5

This instrument
destroys tissue through the use of high-frequency sound waves
(ultrasound). Used in Neurosurgery.

Answer 5

Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA):

Question 6

The use of extremely low temperature to destroy
diseased tissue.

Answer 6

Cryosurgery:

Question 7

The transfer of electrical current from an active
electrode to another conductive instrument by accident or as part of the electrosurgical process.

Answer 7

Direct coupling:

Question 8

The direct use of electricity to cut and coagulate tissue.

Answer 8

Electrosurgery:

Question 9

The power generator and control source
in the electrosurgical system.

Answer 9

Electrosurgical unit (ESU):

Question 10

Charred tissue created by a high-voltage current.

Answer 10

Eschar:

Question 11

The constriction of electrical current by a
nonconductive material.

Answer 11

Impedance:

Question 12

Acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of
radiation.

Answer 12

Laser:

Question 13

In electrosurgery, a continuous path of
electricity that flows from the electrosurgical unit to the active
electrode, through the patient to the patient return electrode,
and then back to the electrosurgical unit.

Answer 13

Monopolar circuit:

Question 14

The quality of a substance that resists the transfer
of electrons and therefore electrical current.

Answer 14

Nonconductive:

Question 15

A critical component of the
monopolar electrosurgical circuit, the PRE is a conductive pad
that captures electricity and shunts it safely out of the body
and back to the electrosurgical unit. Also called the dispersive
electrode.

Answer 15

Patient return electrode (PRE):

Question 16

High-frequency energy created by vibration or
excitation of molecules. This type of energy destroys tissue by
breaking molecular bonds.

Answer 16

Ultrasonic energy:

Question 17

In electrosurgery, a combination of intermediate frequency & intermediate wave intervals to produce a specific effect on tissue.

Answer 17

Blended mode

Question 18

An alternate name for the patient return electrode

Answer 18

Grounding pad

Question 19

The ESU power source is often referred to

Answer 19

a Bovie

Question 20

The bipolar unit is used mainly on

Answer 20

low-impedance tissue because the low voltage is not strong enough to penetrate effectively through tissue such as bone or fat.

Question 21

All the waves in the laser have exactly the same length

Answer 21

monochromatic

Question 22

The waves are lined up so that their peaks and troughs are in exactly the same location

Answer 22

coherency

Question 23

the beam can pass through the cornea, vitreous, and lens of the eye without burning these tissues. The argon beam is used for coagulation and for sealing or welding tissue.

Answer 23

Argon gas lasers

Question 24

Its beam is outside the visible light range and able to penetrate all tissue types. This laser is used to cut, shave, contour, ablate, and coagulate tissue.

Answer 24

Holmium:yag solid

Question 25

This laser produces a cool beam by stripping electrons from the atoms of the medium in the chamber. This causes the energy bonds in the atom to break. The resulting shock waves stimulate short bursts of laser light. The light is delivered to the target tissue through fiberoptic bundles.

Answer 25

Excimer gas

Question 26

Toxic smoke emitted by tissue during electrosurgery and laser surgery.

Answer 26

smoke plume:

Question 27

coagulation occurs with intermittent applications of energy

Answer 27

fulguration:

Question 28

What are the effects of a laser?

Answer 28

absorption, reflection, scattering, transmission

Question 29

Class 4 classification of risk

Answer 29

permanent damage to eye

Question 30

The medical laser most commonly used in surgery. The beam is strongly absorbed by water.

Answer 30

Carbon Dioxide Laser (CO2)

Question 31

This laser is not absorbed by clear tissue, making it useful for retinal surgery.

Answer 31

Argon Lasr

Question 32

This laser produces a beam outside the visible range; therefore, an aiming beam is necessary. Often used in urology to crush stones

Answer 32

Holmium Laser

Question 33

This laser uses a combination of inert gases. Often used in ophthalmology.

Answer 33

Excimer Lase

Question 34

Agency that regulates the use of medical lasers

Answer 34

ANSI - American National Standards Institute

Question 35

What PPE is used for laser surgery?

Answer 35

Laser Eyewear

Question 36

Identify
This laser is the most widely used in surgery.

Answer 36

Carbon Dioxide Laser (CO2)

Question 37

Identify
This laser is versatile as it can cut, ablate, coagulate, and contour tissues of all types. Mostly used in urology to crush stones.

Answer 37

Holmium Laser

Question 38

Identify
PPE that must be worn during laser procedures.

Answer 38

Laser Eyewear

Question 39

Identify
This is a very common electrosurgical device that allows tissue to be cut and coagulated.

Answer 39

Bovie (Monoplar)

Question 40

Identify
This is placed on the patient to return the electrosurgical current to ground.

Answer 40

Grounding Pad (Inactive electrode; Dispersive pad)

Question 41

Identify

Answer 41

Radioactive Warning Symbol

Question 42

Identify

Answer 42

Laser Warning Symbol

Question 43

Identify

Answer 43

Biological Hazard Warning Symbol

Question 44

Identify

Answer 44

Flammable Warning Symbol

Question 45

Identify

Answer 45

Corrosive Warning Symbol