Minimally Invasive Surgery Flashcards
A method of reducing the risk of patient burns during monopolar electrosurgery. AEM systems stop the electrical current whenever resistance is high anywhere in the circuit.
Active electrode monitoring (AEM)
In minimally invasive surgery, the unintended transmission of electricity from the active electrode to an adjacent conductive pathway, sometimes resulting in a patient burn.
Capacitative coupling
In minimally invasive surgery, the transmission of electricity directly from one conductive path to another, such as from the electrosurgical tip to a conductive instrument.
Direct coupling
The combined components of the minimally invasive surgery system, which create the image captured in the focal view of the telescope.
Imaging system
The fiber-optic cable that transmits light from the source to the endoscopic instrument; sometimes called a light guide.
Light cable
Distension of the abdomen with carbon dioxide gas during laparoscopy. This is necessary to visualize the surgical anatomy.
Pneumoperitoneum
A procedure for adjusting the light color of the video camera to other components of the system.
White balance:
During minimally invasive surgery (MIS), what is used to achieve a pneumoperitoneum
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
The system used to accommodate insertion of a laparoscope and endoscopic instruments is called?
trocar and cannula
Technique used in arthroscopic MIS, hysteroscopy, and cystoscopy to expand the body cavity is:
continuous irrigation
In MIS, large specimens and dense tissue are reduced to small pieces by a process called:
morcellation
In minimally invasive surgery, a __________ is an opening in the body created by a sharp trocar or blunt obturator and maintained with a cannula that remains in place to receive MIS instruments during surgery.
Port
Endoscopy is performed with a flexible, semi-rigid, or rigid endoscope which is inserted into the body through a
natural orifice such as the esophagus, colon, or urethra.
The equipment cart (also called a _____________)
tower
The surgeon inflates the abdomen with CO2 through a large-bore needle called a _______ or _______ fitted for CO2 insufflation
Veress needle or trocar fitted
Is when a body cavity or organ is filled with fluid during surgery, there is a risk that it will be absorbed into the vascular system, causing increasing blood pressure and electrolyte imbalance.
Intravisation
The knot is tied outside the body cavity and then pushed into place with a knot pusher using the following technique
Extracorporeal suture technique
The suture is knotted and tightened inside the body with two grasping instruments inserted into two separate cannula ports
Intracorporeal technique
Ultrasonic technology is used during MIS for __________ and _________.
Coagulation and cutting.
this device is a soft plastic balloon with a tube and port attached. The tube is inserted into the tissue plane, and the balloon is inflated with air.
Balloon Dissection
Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery; Endoscopic entry of body through natural orifice & then making an incision w/in the body to gain further access
NOTES
Advantages of MIS
Reduced tissue trauma, less blood loss, less pain, faster recovery, outpatient, cheaper
Commonly used in endoscopic nasal & orthopedic surgeries; Suctions soft tissue into cutting channel where a spiral burr shaves it into small pieces
Tissue Shaver
Used when tissue requires ligation rather than suturing; Surgiwhip is type of loop
Pretied Ligation Loop
When the telescope is introduced into the body, the temperature differences creates __________________ on the telescope lens.
Fogging
During an endoscopic procedure, the room lights are usually _______ for most of the case.
Dimmed or turned off
Introduction of CO2
Insufflation
a specimen pouch is used to capture the tissue so it can be withdrawn from the body through a large-bore cannula.
Specimen Retrieval
When to inspect MIS Instruments
- Before use
- During use
- After use
- After decontamination
- Before disinfection and sterilization
is used to conjunction with some types of minimally invasive and endoscopic surgery. Introduced through the cannula or flexible telescope.
Laser
Commercially available; consist of a small square with adhesive on the bottom for attachment to the drapes and a rough, sandpaper surface used for scraping the tip to remove charred debris.
Scratch pads
viewing instrument used for diagnosis, biopsy, visualization, repair, retrieval, and blood control
Endoscope
The distal end of a rigid endoscope may be straight or angled. A straight-ahead, forward viewing scope is
0 degree
Intra-abdominal Pneumoperitoneal pressure for an adult should be kept at
12-18 mm Hg
Identify
Allows the surgeon/assistant to be able to view inside body cavity where they are working.
Video Tower
Identify
Shows the gas pressure and rate of gas flow into the abdominal cavity.
Insufflator
Identify
Connected to the lens, allows the surgical team to visualize the operative field.
Camera
Identify
Assembled camera and lens
Identify
Used in MIS to cut/shave tissue.
Shaver
Identify
Used to instill gas into the abdomen, to create the pneumoperitoneum
Veress Needle
Identify
Attaches to the Veress Needle and/or trocar.
Insufflation Tubing
Identify
Once the abdomen is inflated, these are insertion of the lens and instruments.
Trocars
Identify
This is utilized to defog camera and scope lens.
FRED - Defogger Kit
Identify
Use to capture the tissue so that it can be removed
Specimen Retrieval Bag
Identify
Often referred to as dolphin nose dissector
Maryland Dissecting Forceps
Identify
Laparoscopic Shears (scissors)
Identify
L Hook
Can be attached to cautery
Identify
Locking Laparoscopic Handle
Can be attached to cautery
Identify
Non-Locking Laparoscopic Handle
Can be attached to cautery
Identify
Endo Stitch
Identify
Often used to view inside body passages and hollow organs, such as the GI system
Flexible Endoscopy
Identify
Rigid system that is used in the sectional removal of tissue. It is commonly used in GU and GYN surgery to removes tumors and resect the prostate
Resectoscope
What is the degree of this lens
0 degree
