Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

121 > Prelim | Medical Abbreviations and Symbols > Flashcards

Prelim | Medical Abbreviations and Symbols Flashcards

1
Q

Condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally.

A

Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Study of nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function.

A

Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Origination and development of a disease

A

Pathogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Identifying a disease from its s/s

A

Diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Attempt to determine which one of several disease can be producing the s/s that are present

A

Differential Diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Study of the causes of diseases

A

Etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rapid onset, severe course and SHORT duration.

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If (1) is increased, the (2) will also be increased but this will only happen in a shoty period of time

A
  1. dose
  2. severity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LONG duration
Although such disease can be controlled, they are rarely cured

A

Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury or attack

A

Sequelae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.

A

Iatrogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease w/o having achieved a cure.

A

Remission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Returning of signs and symptoms

A

Relapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.

A

Nosocomial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Illness without known cause.

A

Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disorder.

A

Prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Used for prognosis

A

Tumor grading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does tumor grading looks at?

A

Tumor size
Lymph nodes
Metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe T1-T4

A

T1: Tumor size <2cm

T2: 2-5 cm

T3: >5cm

T4: Tumor extends to skin or chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe N0-N3

A

N0: No lymph node matastasis

N1: Metastasis to ipsilateral, movable, axillary LNs

N2: Metastasis to ipsilateral fixed axillary; or Internal Mammary LNs

N3: Metastasis to infraclavicular/ supraclavicular LN, or to axillary and IM LNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe Metastasis tumor grading

A

M0: No distant metastasis
M1: Distant metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Worst type of tumor grading

A

T4, N3, M1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Present before birth.
Before birth, prenatal influences, premature birth, injuries during birth process

A

Congenital Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

A

Hereditary Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Genetically transmitted from parent to offspring

A

Hereditary Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Disease resulting from a localized reaction that produces redness, warmth, swelling, and pain as a result of infection, irritation, or injury.

A

Inflammatory Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Resulted from mechanical force

A

Traumatic Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Conditions that cause tumor growth-both benign and malignant.

A

Neoplastic Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Progressive deterioration resulting in the loss of tissue or organ function.

A

Degenerative Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Commonly affected by degenerative diseases

A

Geriatric patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body.

A

Metabolic Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

No symptom

A

Asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Sign vs Symptom

A

SIGN: Objective evidence of disease such as a fever.

SYMPTOM: Subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A set of the signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.

A

Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first.

A

Eponym

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Manifestation of damage to tissue cells

A

ATROPHY
HYPERTROPHY
HYPERPLASIA
METAPLASIA
DYSPLASIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Increase in the size of cells without cell division

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Increase in the number of cells of a tissue due to an increase in the frequency of cell division

A

Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A decrease in the size of cells, with a subsequent decrease in the size of the affected tissue or organ; wasting away

A

Atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The transformation of one type of cell into another.

A

Metaplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of cells due to chronic irritation or inflammation

A

Dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

May progress to neoplasia (tumor formation, usually malignant) or revert to normal if the irritation is removed.

A

Dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Local response of living mammalian tissues to injury due to any agent

A

Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Causes of inflammation

A
  1. Infective agents
  2. Immunological agents
  3. Physical agents
  4. Chemical agents
  5. Inert materials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Examples of infective agents

A

Bacteria, viruses and their toxins, fungi, parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Examples of immunological agents

A

Cell-mediated and antigen-antibody reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Examples of physical agents

A

Heat, cold, radiation, mechanical trauma

48
Q

Examples of chemical agents

A

Organic and inorganic poisons

49
Q

Examples of inert materials

A

Foreign bodies

50
Q

Example include food allergies

A

Infective agents

51
Q

Example include medicine

A

Immunological agents

52
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  1. Pain (dulor)
  2. Heat (calor)
  3. Redness (rubor)
  4. Swelling (tumor)
  5. Loss of function (functio laesa)
53
Q

Disorders of growth

A

Gigantism
Acromegaly
Cushing Syndrome
Dwarfism
Acromircia
Simmond’s Disease
Turner’s Syndrome
Down Syndrome
Noonan Syndrome
Russel-Silver Syndrome
Pradder-Willi Syndrome

54
Q

Over secretion of GH before puberty

55
Q

Too much GH where bones increase in size

A

Acromegaly

56
Q

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the anterior pituitary

A

Cushing syndrome

57
Q

Less secretion of GH

58
Q

One type of dwarfism that deals with short limb

A

Achondroplasia

59
Q

Chronic deficiency of the pituitary gland function

A

Simmond’s Disease

60
Q

Simmond’s Disease is a type of —

A

Hypothyroidism

61
Q

Females at AGE 5; Loss of ovarian function.

A

Turner’s Syndrome

62
Q

Therapy that patients with Turner’s syndrome have to undergo

A

Hormone therapy

63
Q

Affects cognitive ability and physical growth, mild to moderate developmental issues

A

Down Syndrome

64
Q

Number of chromosomes in a normal person

65
Q

What characterizes noonan syndrome?

A

Mildly unusual facial features, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms

66
Q

Slow growth before and after birth and
head growth is normal but appears larger as compared to the rest of the body

A

Russel-Silver Syndrome

67
Q

What characterizes Pradder Willi Syndrome

A

In infancy, this is characterized by weak
muscle tone (hypotonia), feeding difficulties, poor growth, and delayed development.

  • Obesity
  • Hyperphagia
68
Q

Chronic over-eating

A

Hyperphagia

69
Q

Branch of medicine and biology concerned with the shape and structure of the body and the relationship of organs.

70
Q

Branch of chemistry studying the chemical behavior in living systems

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

71
Q

Use of statistical tests to analyze biological data and the interpretation of its results.

A

BIOSTATICS

72
Q

Branch of science that deals with structure, composition, function of cells and also interaction b/w them in an environment in which they exists.

73
Q

Branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms, from the ovum ́s fertilization to the fetus stage.

A

EMBRYOLOGY

74
Q

Branch of medicine and biology related to the specific secretions called hormones and their effect of the endocrine organs.

A

ENDOCRINOLOGY

75
Q

Study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations within public health, caused by a virus, bacteria or some other factor.

A

EPIDEMIOLOGY

76
Q

Part of biology, study of genes, hereditary and their effects of inheritance of specific traits and on other biological processes

77
Q

Branch of medicine and biology that study the microscopic structure of cells and tissues under a light microscope

78
Q

Main branch of medical science that deals with all mechanics physiological of the biological integral defense of all organisms, called the immune system

A

IMMUNOLOGY

79
Q

Science that studies microscopic organisms, specifically for them which are under the power of human eye.

A

MICROBIOLOGY

80
Q

Branch of biology and chemistry and deals with the study molecular of the process developed in the organisms.

A

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

81
Q

Scientific study of the nervous system.

A

NEUROSCIENCE

82
Q

Study of dietary requirements for people.

83
Q

Study of disease, its causes, mechanisms and effects on the organisms.

84
Q

Study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties and effects upon living organisms.

A

PHARMACOLOGY

85
Q

Is related to biological effects caused by drugs on organisms.

A

PHARMACOLOGY

86
Q

Branch of medicine and closely related to the anatomy, physiology deals with the activities and processes of living organisms, as well as mechanical and physical function

A

PHYSIOLOGY

87
Q

Closely related to medicine, chemistry and biology, basically is the study of the nature, effects and detection of poisons and the treatment of poisoning.

A

TOXICOLOGY

88
Q

Study of allergies and hypersensitivity disorder on immunology system.

A

ALLERGOLOGY

89
Q

Study of circulatory and lymphatic system, their arteries, vases, veins and its diseases.

90
Q

Deals with the disorders of the heart as a subspecialty of internal medicine and at the same time it is divided in congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease and electrophysiology.

A

CARDIOLOGY

91
Q

Study of cellular alterations in disease.

A

CELLULAR PATHOLOGY

92
Q

Related with diagnosis by making biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids and tissues.

A

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

93
Q

Concerned with the in vitro diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

A

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

94
Q

Broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms.

A

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

95
Q

Subspecialty of internal medicine concern the diagnostic and treat of endocrine organs.

A

ENDOCRINOLOGY

96
Q

Part of internal medicine and comprises the study of gastrointestinal tract whereby the digestive system, diseases and treatments.

A

GASTROENTEROLOGY

97
Q

Study of blood diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma.

A

HEMATOLOGY

98
Q

Branch of the internal medicine and study the function of kidney, treatments and disease that include dialysis and renal transplant.

A

NEPHROLOGY

99
Q

Branch of medicine specializing within the field of radiology in the use of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

A

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

100
Q

Dealing with disorders and surgery of the visual pathways closely related to anatomy, physiology of the eye.

A

OPTHALMOLOGY

101
Q

Deals with the health care of children to adolescents ́ average to 18 years old.

A

PEDIATRICS

102
Q

Branch of internal medicine and it concerns all operations in order to restore parts of body to look normal.

A

PLASTICS, RECONSRUCTIVE AND AESTHETHIC SURGERY

103
Q

Define Radiology

A

Radiology is the study of radiation that is used to diagnose and treat diseases

104
Q

Related with the transfusion of blood and blood component, as the maintenance of a “blood
bank”.

A

TRANSFUSION MEDICINE

105
Q

Inside surgical and internal specialty and are closely related to the nephrology. This studies the diseases of the male reproductive system and the urinary tract.

107
Q

Administers anesthesia and monitors patients under anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures.

A

ANESTHESIOLOGY

108
Q

Branch of medicine and the unique specialty that join medical and surgery specialties. It deals with diseases and disorders of the skin and its appendages.

A

DERMATOLOGY

109
Q

Branch of medicine that deals with care and treatment of a condition resulting from an accident or other urgent need.

A

EMERGENCY MEDICINE

110
Q

General medical care of hospitalized patients.

A

HOSPITAL MEDICINE

111
Q

Doctors whose principal professional focus is hospital medicine

A

Hospitalists

112
Q

Branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions for adult people.

A

INTERNAL MEDICINE

113
Q

System of medicine that believes in the
body’s natural healing forces.

A

NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE

114
Q

Branch of science that deals with the structure, functioning and diseases of the nervous system.

115
Q

Field of medicine devoted to conditions specific to women.

A

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (“Ob/Gyn”)

116
Q

Approach to life-threatening chronic illnesses, especially at the end of life.

A

PALLIATIVE CAREd

121 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions