Finals | Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Ballooning of the blood vessel
Aneurysm
Severe chest pain with feeling of suffocation
Angina Pectoris
Sudden contraction of smooth muscle of the wall of bloodvessel; can interrupt blood flow
Angiospasm
Narrowing of aorta; Congenital or result of disease
Aortostenosis/ Aortic Stenosis
Any irregularity in the heart beat
Arrhythmia
Diminished elasticity of arterial walls
Arteriosclerosis
Fatty deposit that obstructs blood flow through a vessel, usually artery
Atheroma
Fatty deposits within a blood vessel
Atherosclerosis
Abnormally slow heart beat
Bradycardia
Differentiate heart beat per minute during bradychardia, normal beat, and tachycardia
Bradychardia: <60bpm
Normal: 60-100 bpm
Tachycardia: >100bpm
Cessation of cardiac function
Cardiac arrest
Non-synchronous muscular contraction
Cardiac arrest
What happens when the heart stops during cardiac arrest?
Brain losses oxygen, causing death
Genral term for any disease of theheart muscle
Cardiomyopathy
Narrowing of blood vessel; congenital malformation
Coarctation
Indication of coarctation
Different bp in upper and lower limbs
The ability of the heart to pump blood is impaired causing fluid to back up in the lungs and other tissues
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Impair the ability of the coronary arteries to deliver an adequate supply of blood to the heart muscle
Coronary Artery Disease
Sudden blockage of an artery by a clot or other particle circulating in the blood
Embolism
Embolus vs thrombus
Embolus: travels throughout the blood
Thrombus: stationary blood clot on affected area
Type of HTN in which the cause of elevated blood pressure is unknown
Essential hypertension
Essential hypertension- vs general HTN
Essential: cause is unknown
General: Has stressor/ cause
Irregular, quivering contractions of ventricular muscle resting from desynchronization of electrical impulses in the heart
Fibrillation
Characterized by rapid but regular contractions of the atria or ventricles
Flutter
Disturbance in the transmission of electrical signals through the cardiac conduction system
Heart Block
Consistently elevated BP
Hypertension
Abnormally low blood pressure
Hypotension
Normal bp vs Hypertension vs Hypotension
Normal: 120/80 mmHg
Hypertension: 140/90 mmHg
Hypotension: 90/60 mmHg
Area of necrosis occurring as a result of oxygen deprivation
Infarction
Temporary oxygen deficiency due to an interruption of blood flow to a tissue or organ
Ischemia
Enlargement of the left
ventricular wall
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy usually occur as a result of —
chronic HTN
Dangerously high BP which is sustained over time, causing damage to the vasculature
Malignant Hypertension
Worst type of HTN
Malignant Hypertension
Narrowing of the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle, with obstruction of blood flow between them
Mitral Stenosis
Condition in which a flap of the mitral valve collapses into the left atrium during systole
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Soft blowing sound heard between normal beats of the heart, usually resulting from vibration in a valve
Murmur
Condition in which delivery of oxygen to a portion of the heart muscle is impaired, resulting in death of the tissue in thatarea
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Myocardial Infarction (MI) is also referred to as ?
Heart attack
Inflammation of the muscular layer of the heart wall, usually due to infections
Myocarditis
An unusually rapid or strong heart beat that is perceptible to the patient
Palpitation
Inflammation of the fibrous sac surrounding the heart, usually due to infection
Pericarditis
Define pericardium
Double layer membrane of the heart
Progressive disease in which the blood vessels of the legs become narrower
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Peripheral Vascular Disease is a rogressive disease in which the blood vesselsof the (1) become (2), usually due to (3)
- legs
- narrower
- atherosclerosis
Inflammation of the vein
Phlebitis
Phlebitis
- Nearly always the (1);
- (2) and painful
- red, warm
- lump usually (3) in shape; - usually along line of (4) or (5)
- legs
- Tender
- tubular
- inner thigh
- calf
Vascular disorder in which the fingers and toes become cold, numb and painful as a result of temporary constriction of blood vessels in the skin
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Difference of raynaud’s phenomenon and frostbite
Raynaud’s phenomenon:
- Disruption of blood flow
- Skin turns red, blue, then white
Frostbite:
- Might need to amputate in serious cases because of necrosis
- Skin turns black
Caused by rheumatic fever, in which persistent streptococcal infection causes inflammation and scarring of the valves, impairing their ability to open and close normally
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Type of HTN in which blood pressure is elevated as a result of another condition, usually kidney disease
Secondary Hypertension
A condition that makes your heart beat more than 100 beats per minute
Tachycardia
An inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in your legs.
Thrombophlebitis
The formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel. The vessel may be any vein or artery
Thrombosis
The inflammation of the heart valves
Valvulitis
Valvulitisi s a common complication of —
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin.
Varicose Veins
Varicose Veins usually occur in the —, but also can form in other parts of the body
legs
The sudden contraction of the muscular walls of an artery.
Vasospasm
A procedure used to visualize blood vessels in various parts of the body, typically using contrast media and X-ray imaging.
Modality: Radiography.
Machine: X-ray machine.
Technique: Injection of contrast media into the blood vessels.
ANGIOGRAPHY
A procedure to examine how well the heart is working by inserting a catheter into a blood vessel and guiding it into the heart.
Modality: Interventional radiology.
Machine: Catheterization lab equipment.
Technique: Catheter insertion and imaging with fluoroscopy.
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
A type of imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive materials to diagnose heart conditions.
Modality: Nuclear medicine.
Machine: Gamma camera.
Technique: Injection of radioactive tracer and imaging with a gamma camera.
CARDIAC NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING
A non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart’s structures.
Modality: Ultrasound.
Machine: Echocardiography machine.
Technique: Use of ultrasound probe on the chest.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
A test that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin
Modality: Electrophysiology.
Machine: ECG machine.
Technique: Placement of electrodes on the skin.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
A procedure to remove fluid from the sac around the heart (pericardium) using a needle and catheter.
Modality: Interventional radiology.
Machine: Ultrasound machine for guidance.
Technique: Ultrasound-guided insertion of a needle into the pericardial space.
PERICARDIOCENTESIS
The measurement of blood pressure using a device called a sphygmomanometer.
Modality: Physical examination.
Machine: Sphygmomanometer.
Technique: Inflating a cuff around the arm and measuring pressure.
SPHYGMOMANOMETRY
A test that measures the heart’s ability to respond to stress, typically exercise, by monitoring ECG, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Modality: Cardiology.
Machine: Treadmill or exercise bike with ECG monitoring.
Technique: Exercise while being monitored.
STRESS TEST
Continuous monitoring of a patient’s vital signs, such as ECG, heart rate, and oxygen levels, using wireless devices.
Modality: Cardiology.
Machine: Telemetry unit.
Technique: Placement of wireless sensors on the body.
TELEMETRY MONITORING
A type of echocardiography that uses a probe inserted into the esophagus to create images of the heart.
Modality: Ultrasound.
Machine: TEE echocardiography machine.
Technique: Insertion of a probe into the esophagus.
TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
A procedure to visualize veins in the body using contrast media and X-ray imaging.
Modality: Radiography.
Machine: X-ray machine.
Technique: Injection of contrast media into a vein and imaging with X-rays.
VENOGRAPHY
A procedure to visualize the ventricles of the heart using contrast media and X-ray imaging.
Modality: Radiography.
Machine: X-ray machine.
Technique: Injection of contrast media into the heart’s ventricles and imaging with X-rays.
VENTRICULOGRAPHY
