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Midterm | Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

TWO DIVISION of skeletal system

A

AXIAL
APPENDICULAR

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2
Q

Differentiate ligament, tendon, and joints

A

Joints (Bone to bone): where bones meet; acts as a hinge which helps body part move somothly

Ligaments (bone to bone): hold the bones together at the joints; stabilize joints

Tendons (bone to muscle): connect muscles to bones, allowing movement.

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3
Q

Kyphosis vs Lordosis

A

Kyphhosis: Outward curve
Lordosis: Ineward curve

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4
Q

Pain in the joints

A

ARTHRALGIA

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5
Q

Disease of the joints

A

ATHROPATHY

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6
Q

Displacement of the bone; dislocation

A

LUXATION

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7
Q

Partial displacement of a bone from its joint ; partial dislocation

A

SUBLUXATION

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8
Q

Twisting of a joint, resulting in pain, swelling and injury to the ligaments

A

SPRAIN

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9
Q

SPRAIN vs STRAIN

A

Sprain: Injury to a ligament
Strain: Inury to tendons

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10
Q

Any break in a bone

A

FRACTURE

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11
Q

Commons FRACTURES

A
  • COMMINUTED Fx
  • COMPOUND Fx
  • COMPRESSION Fx
  • GREENSTICK Fx
  • SIMPLE Fx
  • IMPACTED Fx
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12
Q

Splintered / crushed bone

A

COMMINUTED Fx

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13
Q

What does COMMINUTED Fx affect?

A

Long bones

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14
Q

A break in the bone accompanied by an open wound in the skin

A

COMPOUND Fx

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15
Q

Other term for COMPOUND Fx

A

OPEN FRACTURE

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16
Q

A break in a bone resulting from compression, usually involves one or more vertebrae.

A

COMPRESSION Fx

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17
Q

Condition in which a bone is partially bent and partially broken, as when a bamboo breaks

A

GREENSTICK Fx

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18
Q

Patients commonly affected by GREENSTICK Fx

A

Patients 10years old or below

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19
Q

A break in a bone without an external wound (with no break in the skin)

A

SIMPLE Fx

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20
Q

Other term for SIMPLE Fx

A

CLOSED Fx

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21
Q

A break in a bone in which one fragment is wedged into the other

A

IMPACTED Fx

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22
Q

Inflammation of the joint

A

ARTHRITIS

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23
Q

How is arthritis formed?

A

Bones rub against each other, causing the inflammation

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24
Q

Inflammation of the joints caused by GOUT

A

GOUTY ARTHRITIS

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25
Body part usually affected by GOUTY ARTHRITIS
Big toe
26
Gout is a disease involving abnormal ---
uric acid metabolism
27
How is uric acid relevant to developing gout?
When the body breaks down certain foods, it creates a waste product called uric acid. This uric acid is normally flushed out of your body through pee. If the body makes too much uric acid, or it can't get rid of enough of it, this can lead to uric acid building up in your blood. In gout, high levels of uric acid lead to the formation of urate crystals in the joints, causing inflammation and pain.
28
Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of articular cartilage and overgrowth of bone in the weight-bearing joints
OSTEOARTHRITIS
29
Other term for OSTEOARTHRITIS
OA or DJD (degenerative joint disease)
30
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS is characterized by?
Inflammation pain stiffness eventually deformity of the affected joints due to inflammation of the synovial membrane
31
Inflammation of the bursae, usually occurring in association with arthritis
BURSITIS
32
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow usually due to infection
OSTEOMYELITIS
33
Where are bone marrows located?
Long bones, spine, or vertebrae
34
Inflammation of the periosteum, usually due to a blow to the bone
PERIOSTITIS
35
Inflammation of the synovial membrane, usually resulting from injury, infection or arthritis
SYNOVITIS
36
Most common inherited disorder affecting the skeletal system, which results in bone deformity and dwarfism
ACHONDROPLASIA
37
Other term for ACHONDROPLASIA
Short limb dwarfism
38
What results from ACHONDROPLASIA?
bone deformity and dwarfism
39
Chronic inflammatory disease of the spine characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
40
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA (OI) is sometimes referred to as (1). It is quite a serious and rather rare (2) or (3) disease which can range from (4)
1. brittle bone disease 2. heritable 3. congenital 4. mild to severe
41
Congenital disorder characterized by malformation of the spine due to abnormal formation and joining of the vertebrae
SPINA BIFIDA
42
Condition characterized by damage to the cartilage of the kneecap, resulting in pain
CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE
43
CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE is most commonly found in ---
adolescents
44
How is CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE developed?
When the cartilage under the kneecap ad femur softens or deteriorates, leading to pain and discomfort in the knee joint.
45
Softening and weakening of the bones
OSTEOMALACIA
46
OSTEOMALACIA is usually due to?
vit D deficiency
47
In children, OSTEOMALACIA is known as ---
RICKETS
48
Loss of calcium and bone tissue, causing the bone to become porous, brittle and easily fractured
OSTEOPOROSIS
49
OSTEOPOROSIS is common in?
Most commonly seen in postmenopausal women
50
PAGET’S DISEASE is characterized by?
Weakened, thickened, deformed bones
51
PAGET’S DISEASE is common in?
Most commonly seen in middle aged and elderly adults
52
Varus vs Valgus
Varus: Distal part of a limb is angled inward, towards the midline of the body (distal part: more medial) Valgus: Deformity where the affected body part bends outward or away from the midline of the body (distal part: more LATERAL)
53
Protrusion of a vertebral disk into the center of the vertebral column; irritating the spinal nerves and causing pain
HERNIATED DISK
54
Abnormal curvature of the vertebral column, eventually causing back pain, disk disease, or arthritis; often a congenital disease
SCOLIOSIS
55
Scoliosis can be a curvature towards the right (1) or towards the left (2)
1. dextroscoliosis 2. levoscoliosis
56
KYPHOSIS is an increased curvature of the (1) of the vertebral column, leading to a (2)
1. thoracic region 2. humpback posture
57
KYPHOSIS may be caused by ---
arthritis poor posture osteomalacia chronic respiratory disease CARPO
58
LORDOSIS is a (1) curvature of the (2) of the vertebral column, leading to a (3)
1. forward 2. lumbar region 3. swayback posture
59
LORDOSIS is usually caused by
Increased weight in the abdomen, as during pregnancy
60
(PHARMACEUTICAL FOR OSTEOPOROSIS) TWO BASIC CATEGORIES
1. ANTIRESORPTIVE DRUGS 2. ANABOLICS
61
How does ANTIRESORPTIVE DRUGS work?
Work by slowing the resorption of the breaking down part of the remodeling cycle
62
Examples of ANTIRESORPTIVE DRUGS
Bisphosphonates (alendronate, ibandronate), Calcitonin, Estrogen/estrogen-progestin, etc.
63
How does ANABOLICS work?
Work by stimulating the formation part of the remodeling process. More bone is formed than is taken away.
64
Antiresorptive drugs vs Anabolics
Antiresorptives: Slows down resorption of bone tissue; prevents bone loss Anabolics: Stimulates formation of bone tissue; forms strogner and denser bones
65
PHARMACEUTICAL FOR ARTHRITIS)
1.NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS 2. ANALGESICS 3.CORTICOSTEROIDS 4.DISEASE MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUGS (DMARDs)
66
NSAIDS vs Analgesics
NSAIDS: More on inflammatory response Analgesics: More on pain relief
67
Blocks enzymes that produces inflammation and pain
NSAIDs
68
Examples of NSAIDs
a) Advil (ibuprofen) b. Aleve (naproxen)
69
Blocks pain signals in the brain
Analgesics
70
Example of Analgesic
Acetaminophen
71
Slow acting medications that work behind the scenes to slow down progression of rheumatoid arthritis and reduce the risk of permanent joint damage
DISEASE MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUGS (DMARDs)

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