Finals | Nervous System Flashcards
Disease symptom that causes a person to lose the ability to move their muscles on their own
Akinesia
Progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die.
Alzheimer’s disease
Common patients for AD
Geriatric
Disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these areas are on the left side of the brain.
Aphasia
Lack of muscle coordination that may affect a person’s speech, eye movements, and ability to swallow, walk, and pick up objects, among other voluntary movements.
Ataxia
Condition that causes a temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face.
Bell’s palsy
Group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone or posture.
Cerebral palsy
Cause of cerebral palsy
It’s caused by damage that occurs to the immature brain as it develops, most often before birth.
“stroke”
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
What happens during CVA
Blood flow to a part of the brain is stopped either by a blockage or the rupture of a blood vessel.
A prolonged state of unconsciousness.
Coma
Coma vs deep sleep
Coma: Person is alive and looks like he is sleeping vut cannot be awakened by any stimulation, including pain
Deep sleep: person can be awakened by any stimulation
Define concussion
Bumping of head
What is concussion considered as?
Minor brain injury
A continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person’s ability to function independently
Dementia
Most common cause of dementia
AD
A learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding).
Dyslexia
The majority of cases are caused by either a viral infection or the immune system mistakenly attacking brain tissue.
Encephalitis
What is affected by encephalitis?
Only ONE hemisphere of the brain is affected
White structures on an MRI can be seen in the presence of enephalitis. What causes this?
Caused by viral infection (whixh engulfs the brain tissue)
A chronic disorder that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures
Epilepsy
“Group of tumors”
Glioma
Where does glioma arise from?
Glial cells in the brain
Funtion of the glial cells
Supports the function of the main brain cell type (neuron)
What is affected by glioma?
Usually happen in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain
These seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Grand mal
Grand mal is also known as ?
“generalized tonic-clonic seizures”
What does “generalized tonic-clonic seizures” involve?
Muscle contractions
Muscle rigidity
Loss of consciousness
Grand mal vs Petite mal
Grand mal: worse and longer
Petite mal: <15 secs seizures
Weakness or the inability to move on one side of the body, one-sided weakness in your arms, hands, face, chest, legs or feet.
Hemiparesis or Hemiplegia
Differentiate hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadriplegia
Hemiplegia: affects one side of body
Paraplegia: both sides of lower limb (pelvic area to down)
Quadriplegia: all limbs
Fatal genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain.
Huntington’s chorea
Huntington’s chorea deteriorates a person’s (1) and (2) abilities usually during their (3) years and has (4)
- mental
- physical
- prime working
- no cure
Describe the appearance of huntington’s disease
Enlarged frontal horns of the lateral ventricles of brain; looks lke a big butterfly
Define lethargy
Lack of energy; state of tiredness/ fatigue
Progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord.
Lou Gehrig’s disease
Other term for Lou Gehrig’s disease
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Named after a basketball player who first experienced the disease
Lou Gehrig’s disease
A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling.
Meningitis
An unpredictable disease of the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body.
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of any of the muscles under your voluntary control.
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis is caused by?
It’s caused by a breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles.
Define myelitis
Inflammation of spinal cord
A neurological disorder that affects your ability to wake and sleep.
Narcolepsy
People with narcolepsy have excessive, uncontrollable —. They may also suddenly fall asleep at any time, during any type of activity.
daytime sleepiness
Severe, shooting pain that occurs due to a damaged or irritated nerve. It can affect any part of the body
Neuralgia
Among the many causes of neuritis include ?
Various viruses and local irritation of a nerve by adjacent tissues.
Neuroblastome is a type of (1) that forms in (2) called (3).
- cancer
- nerve cells
- neuroblasts
Neuroblasts normally turn into (1). But in neuroblastoma, they form a (2).
- working nerve cells
- tumor
It is a benign growth of nerve tissue frequently found between the third and fourth toes.
Neuroma
Neuroma is also called ?
“Pinched nerve”/ nerve tumor.
Where is neuroma usually found?
third and fourth toes.
A spinal cord injury that paralyses the lower limbs.
Paraplegia
What causes paraplegia?
It is a result of severe damage to the spinal cord and the nervous system
Prickling, burning, tingling, numb, itching, or “skin crawling” feeling; Caused by a pressure on a nerve. When that pressure is gone the feeling goes away. But in some cases, it doesn’t go away.
Paresthesia
Parkinson’s disease is a brain disorder that leads to ?
shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination.
Shaking during parkinson’s disease can be called —
Tremor
Forms of generalized seizures causing a temporary loss of consciousness; brief, usually <15 seconds, and they have symptoms that may be barely noticeable
Petit mal
Other term for Petit mal
Absence seizures
Highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children.
Poliomyelitis/ Polio
The virus is transmitted by person-to-person spread mainly through the fecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (e.g., contaminated water or food) and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system and can cause paralysis.
Poliomyelitis/ Polio
Paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso
Quadriplegia
A common type of pain affecting the sciatic nerve
Sciatica
Where are sciatic nerves located?
Lower back down to the foot
Sudden, temporary, bursts of electrical activity in the brain that change or disrupt the way messages are sent between brain cells.
Seizures
Two types of seizures
Grand mal vs Petite mal
Reactivation of a viral infection in the nerves to the skin that causes pain, burning, or a tingling sensation, along with an itch and blisters in the skin supplied by the
affected nerve.
Shingles
Shingles is caused by which virus ?
varicella zoster virus
“Sleepwalking”
Somnambulism
A behavior disorder that originates during deep sleep and results in walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep
Somnambulism
Who is affected by somnambulism?
Children or sleep-deprived adults
Can be a serious mental state where people don’t respond to normal conversation.
Stupor
Stupor is when one don’t respond to (1). Instead, they respond only to (2), such as to pain or rubbing on their chest, which is known as a (3)
- normal conversation
- physical stimulation
- sternal rub
Stupor can alse be referred to as?
Deep state od unconsciousness
“passing out”
Syncope
Syncope is usually related to insufficient blood flow to the (1). It’s also called (2) a temporary (3)
- brain
- fainting
- loss of consciousness
A temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
A TIA usually lasts (1) and doesn’t cause (2).
- a few minutes
- permanent damage
An involuntary, rhythmic muscle contraction leading to shaking movements in one or more parts of the body
Tremor
What causes tremor?
Caused by a problem in the deep parts of the brain that control movement.
