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121 > Midterm | General Aspects of Med and its Allied Profession > Flashcards

Midterm | General Aspects of Med and its Allied Profession Flashcards

1
Q

PHYSICAL AGENTS

A

A. NOISE
B. PRESSURE
C. LIGHT
D. COLD
E. RADIATION
F. HEAT

PH LiNoCoRad

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2
Q

Common disorders due to noise

A

Occupational deafness

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3
Q

Membrane damaged in occupational deafness

A

Cochlea

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4
Q

Common disorders due to pressure

A

Air embolism, blast injury

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5
Q

dB classifications and their equivalence

A

30db: whisper
60db: normal conversation
70db: ear membranes are slowly being damaged
90db: ex. motorcycles
120db: stimulating deafness

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6
Q

Common disorders due to light

A
  • Occupational cataract
  • Miner’s nystagmus
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7
Q

Common disorders due to cold

A
  • Hypothermia
  • Frostbite
  • Trench foot
  • Raynaud’s disease
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8
Q

Common disorders due to radiation

A
  • Genetic changes
  • aplastic anemia
  • keratoses
  • sunburn
  • radiodermatitis
  • photosensitives
  • cancers

Rad PACKSG

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9
Q

Common disorders due to heat

A
  • Heat stroke
  • heat hyperpyrexia
  • heat syncope
  • heat exhaustion
  • heat rash
  • burns
  • hyperhidrosis
  • erythema
  • telangiectasia
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10
Q

Bone marrow does not produce enought blood cells

A

Aplastic anemia

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11
Q

Any protuberance on the skin

A

Keratoses

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12
Q

Integumentary system’s respinse to ionizing radiation exposure

A

Radiodermatitis

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13
Q

Skin’s unusual reaction to UV r adiation

A

Photosensitivity

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14
Q

Fainting/ passing out

A

Syncope

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15
Q

Dilated/ broken blood vessels near sking surface

A

Telangiectasia

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16
Q

RADIATION HAZARD AND INJURY

A
  1. UV Radiation
  2. Infrared radiation
  3. Lasers
  4. Ultrasound
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17
Q

Source and health effects of UV radiation

A

Source: UV tanning equipment
Effect: Short-term sunburn

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18
Q

Source and health effects of Infrared radiation

A

Source:
- Infrared heat lamps used in deep heat treatments
- Infrared hair dryers

Effects: (LBCS)
- Conjunctivitis
- Long-term premature skin aging
- Skin cancer and cataracts
- Burns to skin and eye tissue

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19
Q

Source and health effects of lasers

A

Source: Beauty industry treatments (eg. skin exfoliation and hair removal)

Effects:
- Skin damage
- Eye damage including blindness

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20
Q

Source and health effects of ultrasound

A

Source: Beauty industry geat treatment and skin exfoliation

Effects: Overheating and burning of body tissue

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21
Q

Disorders involving the protein-rich tissue

A

CONNECTIVE TISUE DISEASE

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22
Q

Examples of protein-rich tissues

A

Fat, bone and cartilage

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23
Q

CONNECTIVE TISUE DISEASE includes:

A
  • Joints
  • muscles and skin
  • organ and organ systems
  • eyes
  • heart
  • lungs
  • kidneys and GIT
  • blood vessels
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24
Q

Classifications of connective tissue diseases

A

A. INHERITED DISORDERS
B. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

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25
Q

➢More than 10 disorders
➢Characterized: Over-flexible joints, stretchy skin, and abnormal growth of scar tissue.
➢SYMPTOMS: Mild to disabling

A

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

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26
Q

EDS is characterized by

A

➢ Over-flexible joints
➢ stretchy skin
➢ abnormal growth of scar tissue
➢ mild to disabling symptoms
(OMSA)

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27
Q

➢Skin is fragile (tears/ blisters as a result of minor bump, stumble or even friction from clothing); slow-healing

A

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)

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28
Q

MARFAN SYNDROME is characterized by

A

➢ TALL, EXTREMELY LONG BONES,
➢ THIN “SPIDER-LIKE” FINGERS AND TOES
➢ Eye problems (Abnormal placement of eye lens and enlargement of the AORTA)

(TATE)

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29
Q

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA is characterized by

A

➢ Brittle bones
➢ low muscle mass
➢ lax joints and ligaments
➢ soft bones; easily fractured

(SB Low Lax)

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30
Q

Other term for osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bone disease

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31
Q

Inherited connective tissue diseases

A
  1. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
  2. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)
  3. MARFAN SYNDROME
  4. OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

(O MEE)

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32
Q

Inflammation of the muscles and the skin

A

POLYMYOSITIS AND DERMATOMYOSITIS

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33
Q

Immune system attacks the thin membrane, lining of joints, causing pain, stiffness, warmth and swelling of the joint and inflammation throughout the body

A

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

34
Q

Thickened membrane causing rheumatoid arthritis, making it hard to clench fist

A

Synovial membrane

35
Q

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS can lead to (1) and (2)

A
  1. PERMANENT joint damage
  2. deformity
36
Q

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS is characterized by:

A

➢ pain
➢ stiffness
➢ warmth
➢ swelling of the joint
➢ inflammation throughout the body

(WISPS)

37
Q

SCLERODERMA causes these

A

➢ thick, tight skin (collagen buildup),
➢ buildup of scar tissue
➢ organ damage

(SOT)

38
Q

Cause of scleroderma

A

Cause is unknown

39
Q

General categories of scleroderma

A

Localized scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis

40
Q

Localized scleroderma vs systemic sclerosis

A

Localized scleroderma: often affects only the skin and not major organs

Systemic sclerosis: affects the skin and may affect the tissues under it, including blood vessels and major organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs or kidneys; “sclerosis” (hardening) may occur in the internal systems of the body

41
Q

➢Immune system attacks the moisture-producing glands
➢Mildly uncomfortable to debilitating
➢May experience EXTREME FATIGUE AND JOINT PAIN

A

SJOGREN’S SYNDROME

42
Q

Individuals with SJOGREN’s SYNDROME may experience these

A

EXTREME FATIGUE AND JOINT PAIN

43
Q

Inflammation of joints, skin and internal organs

A

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE/LUPUS)

44
Q

Cure for lupus

A

Chronic disease with NO cure; treatment and comfort can only be given

45
Q

Some signs and symptoms for SLE

A

➢ Flushing cheeks causing pain
➢ Internal pain/ discomfort without known cause

46
Q

➢ Inflammation of the BV
➢ Affects blood flow to organs and other body tissues
➢ Group of rare diseases (ex. angiitis)

A

VASCULITIS

47
Q

➢Characterized of several diseases
➢Mild symptoms, others may experience life-threatening complications

A

MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE

48
Q

Autoimmune connective tissue diseases

A
  1. POLYMYOSITIS AND DERMATOMYOSITIS
  2. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
  3. SCLERODERMA
  4. SJOGREN’S SYNDROME
  5. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE/LUPUS)
  6. VASCULITIS
  7. MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE

SSS VP RM

49
Q

➢ Redness and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of your belly or abdomen (peritoneum)
➢ Caused by an infection. Bacteria can enter the lining of the belly from a hole in the GI tract. This can happen if you have a hole in your colon or a burst appendix.

A

Peritonitis

50
Q

➢ Inflammation of the layers that surround the brain and spinal cord (meninges) during the first 28 days of life
➢ Often caused by group B streptococcus

A

Neonatal meningitis

51
Q

➢ Clinical name for blood poisoning by bacteria. It is the body’s most extreme response to an infection.
➢ Caused by large amounts of bacteria entering the bloodstream

A

Septicaemia

52
Q

Other term for septicaemia

53
Q

➢ It is an inflammatory process involving the bone and its structures
➢ Caused by pyogenic organisms that spread through the bloodstream, fractures, or surgery.

A

Pyogenic osteomyelitis

54
Q

➢ An infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissue; painful infection in a joint that can come from germs that travel through your bloodstream from another part of your body
➢ Can be caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) is the most common cause.

A

Septic arthritis

55
Q

Pyogenic bacteria diseases

A
  1. Peritonitis
  2. Neonatal meningitis
  3. Septicaemia
  4. Pyogenic osteomyelitis
  5. Septic arthritis

PSPS Neo

56
Q

➢ It is a chronic infectious disease that affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes.
➢ Caused by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae

57
Q

Other term for leprosy

A

Hansen’s disease

58
Q

➢ Adangerous virus that causes brain inflammation. It is fatal but preventable viral disease.
➢ People are usually infected following a deep bite or scratch from an animal with this virus

59
Q

➢ A type of infection caused by an intestinal worm and transmitted through contaminated soil. These worms live in the intestines of the people they infect. While in the intestines, they will lay thousands of eggs each day. These eggs end up in a person’s feces. When a person defecates on the ground, these eggs will then contaminate the soil.

A

SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS

60
Q

➢ A parasitic disease transmitted by black flies and mosquitoes. These parasites are thin, round, worm-like organisms. They appear white or translucent when observed under a microscope.

A

Filariasis

61
Q

➢ An infection caused by a parasitic worm that lives in fresh water in subtropical and tropical regions commonly called blood flukes.

A

Schistosomiasis

62
Q

➢ Diseases generally caused by eating or drinking food or beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites or viruses.

A

FOOD AND WATER-BORNE DISEASES

63
Q

Prevalent NTDs according to the Philippine Information Agency

A
  1. LEPROSY
  2. RABIES
  3. SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS
  4. FILARIASIS
  5. SCHISTOSOMIASIS
  6. FOOD AND WATER-BORNE DISEASES

LeRaFiFo SS

64
Q

Contracted and transmitted by sexual contact

A

VENEREAL DISEASES (VD)

65
Q

VD are caused by microorganisms that survive on the (1) or (2), transmitted via (3), (4), OR (5).

A
  1. skin
  2. mucus membranes
  3. SEMEN
  4. VAGINAL SECRETIONS
  5. BLOOD DURING INTERCOURSE
66
Q

VENEREAL DISEASES (VD)

  • “Morbus venereus” or STD
A

➢ AIDS
➢ chlamydia
➢ genital warts
➢ gonorrhea
➢ syphilis
➢ yeast infections
➢ some forms of hepatitis

(YAC GGSS)

67
Q

Tuberculosis is caused by a bacteria called (1) which attacks the (2) and damage other parts of the body

A
  1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  2. lungs
68
Q

Transmission of TB

A

Spreads through air (cough, sneezing or talking)

69
Q

Person with TB bacteria but shows no visible sign and symptoms; asymptomatic patients

A

LATENT TB BACTERIA

70
Q

Indigenous to tropical or subtropical areas of the world/occurs principally in those areas

A

TROPICAL DISEASE

71
Q

NTDs

A

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

72
Q

The (1) is on track to end NTDs by (2), and has laid out (3) areas of concentration which will target NTDs such as schistosomiasis, filariasis and water-borne diseases, among others.

A
  1. DOH
  2. 2030
  3. four
73
Q

Deficiencies or excesses in the diet, obesity and eating disorders and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, HPTN, cancer and diabetes mellitus

A

NUTRITIONAL COMMON DISORDERS

74
Q

NUTRITIONAL COMMON DISORDERS can include (1) that can be prevented by diet, (2) that respond to dietary treatment, the interaction of foods and nutrients with (3), (4) and intolerances, and potential hazards in the (5)

A
  1. developmental abnormalities
  2. hereditary metabolic disorders
  3. drugs
  4. food allergies
  5. food supply
75
Q

NUTRITIONAL COMMON DISORDERS and key nutrients involved

A
  1. Xerophthalmia (Vit A)
  2. Rickets (Vit D)
  3. Beriberi (Thiamin)
  4. Pellagra (Niacin)
  5. Scurvy (Vit C)
  6. Iron-deficiency anemia (Iron)
  7. Goiter (Iodine)

(XR BP SIG)

76
Q

Include highly toxic chemicals not meant for human indigestion or contact, such as CYANIDE, PAINT THINNERS OR HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS

77
Q

POISONING can include indigestion or contact to these

A

➢ CYANIDE
➢ PAINT THINNERS
➢ HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS

78
Q

MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR POISONING

A
  1. ELIMINATION
  2. ANTIDOTES
79
Q

ELIMINATION get rid of the unabsorbed poison before it can do any harm through (1), (2,) or (3)

A
  1. INTUBATION
  2. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
  3. WHOLE BODY IRRIGATION
80
Q

Prevent the poison from working or
reversing the effects of the poison

121 (30 decks)

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