Finals | Digestive System Flashcards
Digestive system can be divided into ?
ALIMENTARY CANAL
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE STRUCTURES
ALIMENTARY CANAL
Mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
SI and
LI
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE STRUCTURES
Teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
GB
PROCESS OF DIGESTION:
- Ingestion
- Propulsion
- Mechanical/physical digestion
- Chemical digestion
- Absorption
- Defecation
Intense fear of gaining weight and can become dangerously thin.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa vs bulimia
Anorexia nervosa: fear of eating
Bulimia: uncontrolled overeating followed by forced vomiting
Appendix becomes swollen, inflamed, and filled with pus.
Appendicitis
Best modality for appendicitis
CT Scan (Except for when patient is pregnant: UTZ)
Presence of gallstones, which are concretions that form in the biliary tract.
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones vs polyps
Gallstones: Stationary; has shadow
Polyps: Follows the transducer: no shadow
A condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage. This damage is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue.
Cirrhosis
Common patients for cirrhosis
manginginom
Normal vs cirrhotic pt under UTZ
Normal: Smooth structures and parenchyma
Cirrhotic: Rough, uneven edges (bako-bako)
Chronic digestive disease characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.
Colitis
What causes colitis?
Perforation(?)
Ulceration(?)
Too much absorption of water for fecal formation.
Constipation
Constipation vs diarrhea
Constipation: Too much absorption
Diarhhea: Too much water
An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation of the digestive tract leading to abdominal pain severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition.
Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s disease radiographic appearance
Cobblestone appearance
Loose bowel movement, watery stools
Diarrhea
Small pouches that bulge outward through the colon
Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis vs Polyps
Diverticulosis: Outward bulging
Polyps: Inward bulging
Medical term for “indigestion”
Dyspepsia
Discomfort/pain in the upper abdomen.
Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia is the term refers to a group of symptoms that often include ?
bloating, discomfort, nausea, and burping.
What is emesis?
Vomiting
Vomiting of colored red/similar to coffee grounds blood
Hematemesis
Bright red blood in the stool, usually from the lower GIT or from hemorrhoids.
Hematochezia
Rectal bleeding
Hematochezia-
“Piles”
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum
Hemorrhoids
What commonly causes hepatitis?
Commonly caused by viral infections
Hepatitis radiographic appearance
Starry sky appearance
Hepatomegaly can be caused by? And what can hepatomegaly be a sign of?
Heart failure
Blockage of blood vessels from the liver
Can be a sign of chronic liver disease
Upper part of the stomach bulges through an opening in the diaphragm.
Hiatal Hernia
Hiatal Hernia radiographic appearance
Schatzi ring
caused by Crohn’s disease (CD)
Ileitis
Part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. The resulting bulge can be painful, especially when you cough, bend over or lift a heavy object.
Inguinal Hernia
Common disorder that affects the large intestine
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
The skin, whites of the eyes and mucous membranes turn yellow because of a high level of bilirubin, a yellow- orange bile pigment.
Jaundice
Urge to vomit
Nausea
When digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself
Pancreatitis
Open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach and the upper portion of your small intestine.
Peptic Ulcer
Peptic ulcer is commonly cause by —
high stomach acid
What commonly causes peritonitis?
Usually caused by infection from bacteria or fungi
A painful burning feeling in your chest or throat. It happens when stomach acid backs up into your esophagus
Pyrosis
Pyrosis is a medical term for ?
Heartburn
A sore or inflammation inside of the mouth (cheeks, gums, inside of the lips, or on the tongue).
Stomatitis
When small intestines are not in its normal position
MALROTATION
WHAT IS THE IMAGING MODALITY THAT CAN BE USED TO IMAGE MALROTATION?
UGIS
Occurs when segment of the bowel telescopes into a distal segment
INTUSSUSCEPTION
Twisting of the bowel loop about its mesenteric base
VOLVULUS
Volvulus radiographic sign
Coffee bean sign and bird beak sign
Small masses of tissue arising from the bowel wall to project inward into the lumen
POLYPS
Pharmaceutical that helps neutralize stomach acid
ANTACIDS
Medications to kill H. pylori
ANTIBIOTICS
Given to certain types of medicines that stop or slow diarrhea.
ANTIDIARRHEALS
Reduce the amount of stomach acid released into the digestive tract, which relieves ulcer pain and encourages healing.
MEDICATIONS TO REDUCE ACID PRODUCTION/ Acid blockers
MEDICATIONS TO REDUCE ACID PRODUCTION/ Acid blockers AKA?
Histamine (H-2) blockers
