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HISTOLOGY > PRELIM: EPITHELIAL TISSUE > Flashcards

PRELIM: EPITHELIAL TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

is a tissue in which cells are bound
tightly together structurally and functionally to form a sheetlike or tubular structure with little extracellular material between the cells.

A

EPITHELIUM

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2
Q

facing the sheet’s free surface

A

APICAL SIDE

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3
Q

facing a basement membrane and
underlying connective tissue

A

BASAL SIDE

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4
Q

pinocytosis of material at the
apical side

A

TRANSCYTOSIS

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5
Q

at the basolateral side

A

EXOCYTOSIS

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6
Q

a thin extracellular layer of specialized proteins, usually having two parts: a basal lamina and a more fibrous reticular lamina

A

BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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7
Q

2 parts of Basement membrane:

A

BASAL LAMINA
RETICULAR LAMINA

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8
Q

is a thin meshwork of type IV collagen and laminin produced by the epithelial cells

A

BASAL LAMINA

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9
Q

contains type III collagen and anchoring of VIII collagen, all secreted by cells of the immediately adjacent connective tissue

A

RETICULAR LAMINA

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10
Q

FUNCTIONS OF BASEMEMENT MEMBRANE:

A

 attach epithelia to connective tissue
 regulate (filter) substances passing from connective tissue into epithelia
 provide a guide or scaffold during tissue regeneration after injury
 compartmentalize epithelial cells from other tissues

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11
Q

INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS
3 MAJOR TYPES

A

TIGHT OR OCCLUDING JUNCTIONS
ADHERENT OR ANCHORING JUNCTIONS
GAP OR COMMUNICATING JUNCTIONS

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12
Q

TIGHT OR OCCLUDING JUNCTIONS

A

Claudin and occludin surround the apical ends of the cells and prevent paracellular passage of substances (between the cells.)

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13
Q

ADHERENT OR ANCHORING JUNCTIONS

A
  • formed by interacting proteins of the cadherin family
  • points of strong attachment holding together cells of the epithelium
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14
Q

encircle epithelial cells just below their tight junctions or scattered

A

Zonula adherens

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15
Q

desmos (binding) soma (body) disc shaped structures

A

Desmosomes

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16
Q

composed of transmembrane integrins attach cells to proteins of the basal lamina

A

Hemidesmosomes

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17
Q
  • Mediate intercellular communication rather than adhesion or occlusion between cells
  • Connexins form hexameric complexes called connexons
A

GAP OR COMMUNICATING JUNCTIONS

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18
Q

APICAL STRUCTURES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS

  • Brush or striated border
  • increase epithelial cells’ apical surface area for absorption
A

MICROVILLI

19
Q

APICAL STRUCTURES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS

  • Important components of inner ear
    sensory cells
  • for absorption in tissues of male
    reproductive tract
A

STEREOCILIA

20
Q
  • larger projecting structures with a
    well-organized core of microtubules
  • primary cilium: not motile but enriched with receptors and signal transduction complexes for detection of light, odors, motion, and flow of liquid past the cells
A

CILIA

21
Q

assembly of microtubules; axon: axis, nema: thread

A

AXONEME

22
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIA
2 main groups:

A

 Covering – lining epithelia
 Secretory – glandular epithelia

23
Q

Cells of covering epithelia are organized into one or more layers that cover the surface or line the cavities of an organ

A

COVERING OR LINING EPITHELIA

24
Q

one cell layer

A

SIMPLE EPITHELIA

25
Q

two or more layers

A

STRATIFIED EPITHELIA

26
Q

two or more layers

A

STRATIFIED EPITHELIA

27
Q

TYPE OF SIMPLE EPITHELIA

thin cells

A

Squamous

28
Q

TYPE OF SIMPLE EPITHELIA

cell width and thickness roughly similar

A

Cuboidal

29
Q

TYPE OF SIMPLE EPITHELIA

cells taller than they are wide

A

Columnar

30
Q

MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF EPITHELIA

elongated nuclei

A

COLUMNAR CELLS

31
Q

MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF EPITHELIA

flattened nuclei

A

SQUAMOUS CELLS

32
Q

MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF EPITHELIA

spherical nuclei

A

CUBOIDAL OR PYRAMIDAL

33
Q

Classified according to the cell shape of the superficial outer layer(s)

A

STRATIFIED EPITHELIA

34
Q

packed with keratin filaments

A

KERATINIZED

35
Q

with relatively sparse keratin

A

NONKERATINIZED

36
Q

found mainly in the epidermis skin, where it helps prevent dehydration from the tissue

A

STRATFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM

37
Q

accumulate keratin

A

KERATINIZATION

38
Q

lines moist internal cavities (ex. Mouth, esophagus, and vagina) where water is not a problem

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NONKERATINIZED EPITHELIUM

39
Q

occurs in the excretory ducts of salivary and sweat glands

A

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

40
Q

is seen in the conjunctiva lining the eyelids, where it is both protective and mucus secreting

A

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

41
Q

lines much of the urinary tract, extending from the kidneys to the proximal part of the urethra.

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM or UROTHELIUM

42
Q

– superficial layer of large, dome-like cells
- These cells protects underlying tissues from the hypertonic and potentially cytotoxic effects of urine

A

UMBRELLA CELLS

43
Q

tall, irregular cells all are attached to the basement membrane but their nuclei are at different levels and not all cells extend to the free surface, giving a stratified appearance
Ex. Lining the upper respiratory tract where the cells are also heavily ciliated

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

HISTOLOGY (11 decks)

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