MIDTERM: BLOOD AND HEMOPOIESIS

Question 1

a specialized connective tissue

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

Blood is consists of:

Answer 2

Cell (formed elements)
Fluid-extracellular material (plasma)

Question 3

About_____in an average adult moves unidirectionally within the closed circulatory system

Answer 3

5L of blood

Question 4

Formed elements:

Answer 4

erythrocytes (red blood cells)
leukocytes (white blood cells [WBCs] platelets (Thrombocytes)

Question 5

contains growth factors and other proteins released from platelets during clot formation, which confer biological properties very different from those of plasma.

Answer 5

pale yellow liquid called serum

Question 6

volume percentage of RBCs

Answer 6

hematocrit

Question 7

of the total blood volume in healthy adults, what percent in hematocrit

Answer 7

44%

Question 8

Plasma is an aqueous solution, what pH

Answer 8

pH 7.4

Question 9

Composition of the whole blood:

Answer 9

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Buffy coat

Question 10

Composition of the whole blood:
Plasma, what percent?

Answer 10

55% of total blood

Question 11

Composition of the whole blood:
Erythrocytes, what percent?

Answer 11

45% of total blood

Question 12

Composition of the whole blood:
Buffy coat, what percent?

Answer 12

<1% of total blood

Question 13

Plasma is consists of:

Answer 13

water, proteins, and
other solutes

Question 14

Buffy coat is consists of:

Answer 14

platelets & WBC

Question 15

Proteins in plasma:

Answer 15

Albumin
Globulins (α-“alpha” “beta”globulins)
Immunoglobulins
Fibrinogen
Complement proteins

Question 16

most abundant plasma protein; made by liver

Answer 16

Albumin

Question 17

include transferrin “transport iron” and other transport factors; fibronectin; prothrombin and other coagulation; made by liver

Answer 17

Globulins (α-“alpha” “beta”globulins)

Question 18

secreted by plasma cells in many locations

Answer 18

Immunoglobulins (antibodies or y- globulins)

Question 19

Another name B-cell/B-lymphocyte?

Answer 19

plasma cells

Question 20

largest plasma protein (340 kD), made in the liver, which, during clotting, polymerizes as insoluble. cross-linked fibers of fibrin that block blood loss from small vessels

Answer 20

Fibrinogen

Question 21

defensive system important in inflammation and destruction of microorganisms.

Answer 21

Complement proteins

Question 22

can be studied histologically in smears prepared by spreading a drop of blood in a thin layer on a microscope slide

Answer 22

blood cells

Question 23

are routinely stained with mixtures of acidic (eosin) and basic (methylene blue) dyes.

Answer 23

blood smears

Question 24

may also contain dyes called azures that are more useful in staining cytoplasmic granules containing charged proteins and proteoglycans

Answer 24

mixtures

Question 25

produce metachromasia in stained leukocytes like that seen with mast cells in connective tissue

Answer 25

Azurophilic granules

Question 26

special stains, such as ______ are named after hematologists who introduced their own modifications into the original mixtures

Answer 26

Giemsa and Wright stain,

Question 27

BLOOD CELLS:

Answer 27

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

Question 28

annucleated→ NO NUCLEUS

Answer 28

Erythrocytes

Question 29

terminally differentiated structures lacking nuclei and completely filled with the Or-carrying protein hemoglobin

Answer 29

Erythrocytes

Question 30

NORMAL CONCENTRATION of erythrocytes in blood is approximately:

Answer 30

3.9-5.5 million per microliter (µL, or mms) in WOMEN 4.1-6.0 million/µL in MEN

Question 31

provides a large surface-to-volume ratio and facilities gas exchange

Answer 31

flexible biconcave discs

Question 32

color of rbc and oxygen carrying protein

Answer 32

Hemoglobin

Question 33

low concentration of rbc

Answer 33

anemia

Question 34

low hemoglobin and iron

Answer 34

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 35

high hemoglobin (iron overload)

Answer 35

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 36

Cell membrane of rbc

Answer 36

plasmalemma

Question 37

Erythrocyte plasmalemma consist of:

Answer 37

50% protein 40% lipids 10% carbohydrate

Question 38

Human erythrocytes normally survive in the circulation for about

Answer 38

120 days

Question 39

Concentration of RBCS below normal range, tissues unable to receive adequate O2 Symptoms: lethargy, shortness of breath, fatigue, skin pallor, heart palpitations

Answer 39

Anemia

Question 40

Decrease in RBC number: sudden hemorrhage

Answer 40

hemorrhagic anemia

Question 41

Decrease in RBC number: Lysis of RBC as a results of bacterial infections

Answer 41

hemolytic anemia

Question 42

Decrease in RBC number: Lack of vitamin B12

Answer 42

Pernicious anemia

Question 43

Decrease in RBC number: Depression/destruction of bone marrow by cancer, radiation or certain medication

Answer 43

Aplastic anemia

Question 44

Inadequate hemoglohin content in RBC: Lack of iron in diet or slow. RBC are smaller because they lack of hemoglobin

Answer 44

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 45

Abnormal hemoglobin in RBCS: Genetic defect, ehich becomes sharp and sickle shaped/crescent moon shaped (it has plasmodium falciparum)

Answer 45

sickle cell anemia

Question 46

a condition where the bone marrow goes into “overdrive” and makes too many red blood cells, along with too many white blood cells and platelets

Answer 46

polycythemia vera

Question 47

type of anemia cause by homozygous mutation causing an amono acid substitution in hemoglobin-> mature RBCS

Answer 47

sickle cell anemia

Question 48

leave the blood and migrate to the tissues where they become functional and perform various activities related to immunity

Answer 48

Leukocytes

Question 49

2 major type of leukocytes

Answer 49

Granulocytes Aggranulocytes

Question 50

has granules (Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil) BEN

Answer 50

granulocytes

Question 51

no/lacks granules (Lymphocytes & monocyte) ML

Answer 51

aggranulocytes

Question 52

Granulocytes consist of two major abundant cytoplasmic granules:

Answer 52

LYSOSOMES SPECIFIC GRANULES

Question 53

(often called azurophilic granules in blood cells)

Answer 53

lysosomes

Question 54

that bind. neutral, basic, or acidic stains and have specific functions

Answer 54

SPECIFIC GRANULES