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HISTOLOGY > MIDTERM: BLOOD AND HEMOPOIESIS > Flashcards

MIDTERM: BLOOD AND HEMOPOIESIS Flashcards

1
Q

a specialized connective tissue

A

blood

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2
Q

Blood is consists of:

A

Cell (formed elements)
Fluid-extracellular material (plasma)

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3
Q

About_____in an average adult moves unidirectionally within the closed circulatory system

A

5L of blood

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4
Q

Formed elements:

A

erythrocytes (red blood cells)
leukocytes (white blood cells [WBCs] platelets (Thrombocytes)

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5
Q

contains growth factors and other proteins released from platelets during clot formation, which confer biological properties very different from those of plasma.

A

pale yellow liquid called serum

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6
Q

volume percentage of RBCs

A

hematocrit

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7
Q

of the total blood volume in healthy adults, what percent in hematocrit

A

44%

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8
Q

Plasma is an aqueous solution, what pH

A

pH 7.4

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9
Q

Composition of the whole blood:

A

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Buffy coat

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10
Q

Composition of the whole blood:
Plasma, what percent?

A

55% of total blood

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11
Q

Composition of the whole blood:
Erythrocytes, what percent?

A

45% of total blood

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12
Q

Composition of the whole blood:
Buffy coat, what percent?

A

<1% of total blood

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13
Q

Plasma is consists of:

A

water, proteins, and
other solutes

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14
Q

Buffy coat is consists of:

A

platelets & WBC

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15
Q

Proteins in plasma:

A

Albumin
Globulins (α-“alpha” “beta”globulins)
Immunoglobulins
Fibrinogen
Complement proteins

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16
Q

most abundant plasma protein; made by liver

A

Albumin

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17
Q

include transferrin “transport iron” and other transport factors; fibronectin; prothrombin and other coagulation; made by liver

A

Globulins (α-“alpha” “beta”globulins)

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18
Q

secreted by plasma cells in many locations

A

Immunoglobulins (antibodies or y- globulins)

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19
Q

Another name B-cell/B-lymphocyte?

A

plasma cells

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20
Q

largest plasma protein (340 kD), made in the liver, which, during clotting, polymerizes as insoluble. cross-linked fibers of fibrin that block blood loss from small vessels

A

Fibrinogen

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21
Q

defensive system important in inflammation and destruction of microorganisms.

A

Complement proteins

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22
Q

can be studied histologically in smears prepared by spreading a drop of blood in a thin layer on a microscope slide

A

blood cells

23
Q

are routinely stained with mixtures of acidic (eosin) and basic (methylene blue) dyes.

A

blood smears

24
Q

may also contain dyes called azures that are more useful in staining cytoplasmic granules containing charged proteins and proteoglycans

A

mixtures

25
Q

produce metachromasia in stained leukocytes like that seen with mast cells in connective tissue

A

Azurophilic

granules

26
Q

special stains, such as ______ are named after hematologists who introduced their own modifications into the original mixtures

A

Giemsa and Wright stain,

27
Q

BLOOD CELLS:

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

28
Q

annucleated→ NO NUCLEUS

A

Erythrocytes

29
Q

terminally differentiated structures lacking nuclei and completely filled with the Or-carrying protein hemoglobin

A

Erythrocytes

30
Q

NORMAL CONCENTRATION of erythrocytes in blood is approximately:

A

3.9-5.5 million per microliter (µL, or mms) in WOMEN

4.1-6.0 million/µL in MEN

31
Q

provides a large surface-to-volume ratio and facilities gas exchange

A

flexible biconcave discs

32
Q

color of rbc and oxygen carrying protein

A

Hemoglobin

33
Q

low concentration of rbc

A

anemia

34
Q

low hemoglobin and iron

A

Iron deficiency anemia

35
Q

high hemoglobin (iron overload)

A

Sideroblastic anemia

36
Q

Cell membrane of rbc

A

plasmalemma

37
Q

Erythrocyte plasmalemma consist of:

A

50% protein
40% lipids
10% carbohydrate

38
Q

Human erythrocytes normally survive in the circulation for about

A

120 days

39
Q

Concentration of RBCS below normal range, tissues unable to receive adequate O2

Symptoms: lethargy, shortness of breath, fatigue, skin pallor, heart palpitations

A

Anemia

40
Q

Decrease in RBC number:
sudden hemorrhage

A

hemorrhagic anemia

41
Q

Decrease in RBC number:
Lysis of RBC as a results of bacterial infections

A

hemolytic anemia

42
Q

Decrease in RBC number:
Lack of vitamin B12

A

Pernicious anemia

43
Q

Decrease in RBC number:
Depression/destruction of bone marrow by cancer, radiation or certain medication

A

Aplastic anemia

44
Q

Inadequate hemoglohin content in RBC:
Lack of iron in diet or slow. RBC are smaller because they lack of hemoglobin

A

Iron deficiency anemia

45
Q

Abnormal hemoglobin in RBCS:
Genetic defect, ehich becomes sharp and sickle shaped/crescent moon shaped (it has plasmodium falciparum)

A

sickle cell anemia

46
Q

a condition where the bone marrow goes into “overdrive” and makes too many red blood cells, along with too many white blood cells and platelets

A

polycythemia vera

47
Q

type of anemia cause by homozygous mutation causing an amono acid substitution in hemoglobin-> mature RBCS

A

sickle cell anemia

48
Q

leave the blood and migrate to the tissues where they become functional and perform various activities related to immunity

A

Leukocytes

49
Q

2 major type of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes
Aggranulocytes

50
Q

has granules (Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil) BEN

A

granulocytes

51
Q

no/lacks granules
(Lymphocytes & monocyte) ML

A

aggranulocytes

52
Q

Granulocytes consist of two major abundant cytoplasmic granules:

A

LYSOSOMES
SPECIFIC GRANULES

53
Q

(often called azurophilic granules in blood cells)

A

lysosomes

54
Q

that bind. neutral, basic, or acidic stains and have specific functions

A

SPECIFIC GRANULES

HISTOLOGY (11 decks)

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