Prejudice and Discrimination

Question 1

prejudice definition

Answer 1

unfavourable attitude towards a social group and its members

Question 2

Dehumanisation

Answer 2

stripping people of their dignity and humanity

Question 3

Genocide

Answer 3

the ultimate expression of prejudice by exterminating an entire group
can be practiced directly and indirectly (massive material disadvantage)

Question 4

Three-component attitude model

Answer 4

an attitude consists of
1 cognitive -> beliefs about a group
2 affective -> strong (usually negative) feelings about a group and its possess
3 conative-> intention to behave in certain ways against a group

Question 5

Sexism

Answer 5

prejudice and discrimination against people based on their gender

Question 6

Role congruity theory (übereinstimmung)

Answer 6

mainly applied to the gender gap in leadership-because social stereotypes of women are inconsistent with peoples schemas of effective leadership, women are evaluated as poor leader

Question 7

Gender

Answer 7

sex-stereotypical attitudes of a person

Question 8

Glass-ceiling

Answer 8

an invisible barrier that persists women and minorities, from attaining top leadership positions

Question 9

glass-cliff

Answer 9

a tendency for women rather than men to be appointed to precarious leadership positions associated with a high probability of failure and criticism

Question 10

Face-ism

Answer 10

media depiction that gives greater prominence to the head and less prominence to the body for men and vice versa for women

Question 11

Racism

Answer 11

prejudice and discrimination against people based on their ethnicity or race

Question 12

Implicit-association test

Answer 12

• idea is that categories and their stereotypical attributes are implicit linked in memory
• > concealed prejudice can be detected
• reaction time test

Question 13

Ageism

Answer 13

prejudice and discrimination against people based on their age

Question 14

Tokenism

Answer 14

refers to a relatively small or trivial positive act, a token, towards members of a minority group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination

Question 15

Reverse discrimination

Answer 15

a more extreme form of tokenism
- The practice of publicy being prejudiced in favor of a minority group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination against that group

Question 16

Stereotype threat

Answer 16

-feeling that we will be judged and treated in terms of negative stereotypes of our groups and that we will inadvententely confirm these stereotypes through our behavior

Question 17

Self-fulling prophecy

Answer 17

expectations and assumptions about a person that influence our interaction with that person and eventually change their behavior in line with our expectations

Question 18

frustration-agression hypothesis

Answer 18

theory that all frustration leads to aggression and all aggression comes from frustration
- used to explain prejudice and intergroup aggression

Question 19

scapegoat

Answer 19

individual or group that become target for anger and frustration caused by a different individual or some other sets or circumstances

Question 20

Dogmatism

Answer 20

Einstellung, dass es feste unbezweifelbare Aussagen und Auffassungen gibst

Question 21

Social dominance theory

Answer 21

explains the extent to which people accept or reject societal ideologies or myths that legitimize hierarchy and discrimination or that legitimizes equality and fairness

Question 22

System justification theory

Answer 22

the theory argues that certain social conditions cause people to resist social change and instead justify and protect the existing social system, even if it maintains one’s own group’s position of disadvantage

Question 23

Belief congruence theory (Ansichts Überinstimmung)

Answer 23

similar beliefs promote liking and social harmony among people while dissimilar beliefs produce dislike and prejudice