People in Groups

Question 1

Entitativity

Answer 1

the property of a group that seem like a coherent, distinct, and unitary entity

Question 2

high vs low entitativity group

Answer 2

high : clear boundaries, internally well structured and vice versa

Question 3

Common-bond group

Answer 3

groups based on attachment amongst members

• maximizing rewards and minimizing their costs with respect toothier own contributions
• more important to women
• personal goals have greater importance than group goals

Question 4

Common- identity group

Answer 4

groups based on direct attachment to the group

• maximizing groups rewards and minimizing its costs through their own contributions
• group goals are more important than personal goals because group provides source of identity
• more importannt to men

Question 5

Social facilitation

Answer 5

an improvement in there performance of well-learnt / easy tasks and a derorientation in the performance of poorly learnt/ difficult tasks in the mere presence of members of the same species

Question 6

mere presence

Answer 6

refers to an entirely passive and unresponsive audience that is only physically present

Question 7

drive theory

Answer 7

Zajonacs theory that the physical presence of members of the same species instinctively causes arousal that motivates performance of habitual behavioral patterns

Question 8

evaluation apprehension model

Answer 8

argument that the phyisical of members of the same species causes drive bc ppl have learnt to be apprehensive about being evaluated

Question 9

Distraction- Conflict Theory

Answer 9

The physical presence of members of the same species is distracting and produces conflict bw attending to the task and attending to the audience

Question 10

Task taxonomy

Answer 10

group tasks can be classified according to whether a division of labour is possible; whether there is a determinded standard to met; and how an individuals input can contribute

Question 11

process loss

Answer 11

deterorientation in group performance in comparison to individual performance due to the hole range of possible interferences amongst members

Question 12

Coordination loss

Answer 12

Deterorientation in group performance compared with individual performance, due to problems in coordinating behavior

Question 13

Ringelmann effect

Answer 13

group increases = personal effort decreases

Question 14

Social loafing

Answer 14

a reduction in individual effort when working on an collective task ( one in which our outputs and individual effort cannot be controlled)

Question 15

Free rider effect

Answer 15

gaining the benefitsof group membership by avoiding costly obligations of membership and by allowing other members to incur those costs

Question 16

Social Compensation Effect

Answer 16

increased effort on a collective task to compensate for other group members actual, perceived or anticipated lock of effort or ability<

Question 17

Cohesiveness

Answer 17

the property of a group that affectively binds people as group members to one another and to the group as a whole, giving the group a sense of solidarity and oneness

Question 18

personal attraction

Answer 18

liking for someone based on idiosyncratic preferences and interpersonal relationships ( Common bond)

Question 19

social attraction

Answer 19

liking for someone based on common group memberships and determined by the persons prototypically of the group (common identity )

Question 20

Expectancy States Theory

Answer 20

Theory of the emergences of roles as a consequence of peoples status-based expectations about others performance

Question 21

Specific status characteristics

Answer 21

Attributes that relate directly to ability on group task

Question 22

Diffuse status characteristics

Answer 22

attributes that do not relate directly to ability on the group task but are generally positively or negatively valued in society

Question 23

Communication network

Answer 23

Set of rules governing the possibility or ease of communication between different roles in groups

Question 24

Schism

Answer 24

division of a group into subgroups that differ in their attitudes, values or ideology

Question 25

Uncertainly Identity Theory

Answer 25

to reduce uncertainly and to feel more comfortable about who they are, ppl choose to identify with groups that are distinctive, are clearly defined and have consensual norms

Question 26

Social octracism

Answer 26

exclusion from a group by common consent