People in Groups Flashcards
Entitativity
the property of a group that seem like a coherent, distinct, and unitary entity
high vs low entitativity group
high : clear boundaries, internally well structured and vice versa
Common-bond group
groups based on attachment amongst members
- maximizing rewards and minimizing their costs with respect toothier own contributions
- more important to women
- personal goals have greater importance than group goals
Common- identity group
groups based on direct attachment to the group
- maximizing groups rewards and minimizing its costs through their own contributions
- group goals are more important than personal goals because group provides source of identity
- more importannt to men
Social facilitation
an improvement in there performance of well-learnt / easy tasks and a derorientation in the performance of poorly learnt/ difficult tasks in the mere presence of members of the same species
mere presence
refers to an entirely passive and unresponsive audience that is only physically present
drive theory
Zajonacs theory that the physical presence of members of the same species instinctively causes arousal that motivates performance of habitual behavioral patterns
evaluation apprehension model
argument that the phyisical of members of the same species causes drive bc ppl have learnt to be apprehensive about being evaluated
Distraction- Conflict Theory
The physical presence of members of the same species is distracting and produces conflict bw attending to the task and attending to the audience
Task taxonomy
group tasks can be classified according to whether a division of labour is possible; whether there is a determinded standard to met; and how an individuals input can contribute
process loss
deterorientation in group performance in comparison to individual performance due to the hole range of possible interferences amongst members
Coordination loss
Deterorientation in group performance compared with individual performance, due to problems in coordinating behavior
Ringelmann effect
group increases = personal effort decreases
Social loafing
a reduction in individual effort when working on an collective task ( one in which our outputs and individual effort cannot be controlled)
Free rider effect
gaining the benefitsof group membership by avoiding costly obligations of membership and by allowing other members to incur those costs
Social Compensation Effect
increased effort on a collective task to compensate for other group members actual, perceived or anticipated lock of effort or ability<
Cohesiveness
the property of a group that affectively binds people as group members to one another and to the group as a whole, giving the group a sense of solidarity and oneness
personal attraction
liking for someone based on idiosyncratic preferences and interpersonal relationships ( Common bond)
social attraction
liking for someone based on common group memberships and determined by the persons prototypically of the group (common identity )
Expectancy States Theory
Theory of the emergences of roles as a consequence of peoples status-based expectations about others performance
Specific status characteristics
Attributes that relate directly to ability on group task
Diffuse status characteristics
attributes that do not relate directly to ability on the group task but are generally positively or negatively valued in society
Communication network
Set of rules governing the possibility or ease of communication between different roles in groups
Schism
division of a group into subgroups that differ in their attitudes, values or ideology
