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ANSC Reproduction > Pregnancy Determination > Flashcards

Pregnancy Determination Flashcards

0
Q

Describe the chorionic villi of the sow.

A

Uniform distribution of chorionic villi covering surface of chorion

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1
Q

Placentome?

A

Fetal cotyledons and maternal caruncles

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2
Q

What are the three zones of a zonary placenta?

A

1) transfer
2) pigmented
3) allantochorion

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3
Q

Which zone of a zonary placenta has regions of maternal hemorrhage and necrosis?

A

Pigmented zone

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4
Q

What restraints would you use for a dairy rectal examination?

A

In stanchions or work chute without head gates

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5
Q

What restraints would you use in beef cattle for a rectal examination?

A

In a catch chute with a side opening behind the chute (individually) or several at a time in a long chute separated by bars

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6
Q

What 5 structures would you palmate for in a rectal exam?

A

Uterus, ovary, cervix, fetus and amnion, pulse of pregnancy

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7
Q

What is the most important structure that is palpated in a rectal exam?

A

Uterus

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8
Q

Which structure is the one that most of your diagnosis will be based on it and its contents?

A

Uterus

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9
Q

Which factor of the uterus is slightly increased before pregnancy and very large immediately after birth?

A

Size

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10
Q

Which factor of the uterus is particularly noted in making differential diagnosis?

A

Thickness of the wall

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11
Q

Which factor of the uterus is turgid during estrus and post parturient; and relaxed during pregnancy and other stages if the estrous cycle?

A

State of tenseness or relaxation

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12
Q

Which factor of the uterus describes gently picking up and compressing either horn of the uterus and gently sliding fingers off the horn to feel fetal membranes slip between the thumb and fingers?

A

Slippage of membranes

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13
Q

When can you feel the cotyledons?

A

100 days to term

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14
Q

When should you feel dorsal bulging?

A

30-50 days

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15
Q

The ovaries are palpatable up to __ days.

A

120

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16
Q

Pregnancy is confirmed when the CL lies where?

A

On the side adjacent to conceptus

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17
Q

What two things confirm that the cow is open?

A

Absence of CL or presence of Graafian follicle

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18
Q

Which structure during palpation is chiefly a landmark and easy to palpate?

A

Cervix

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19
Q

Which structure is used to locate other structures?

A

Cervix

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20
Q

What factor of the cervix indicates the stage of pregnancy?

A

Size and position

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21
Q

Which structure is the most diagnostic?

A

Fetus and amnion

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22
Q

At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.

A

60 days and after

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23
Q

At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?

A

120

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24
Q

During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?

A

5.5-7.5

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25
Q

During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?

A

Day 30

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26
Q

What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?

A

1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging
2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling
3) slippage of membranes

27
Q

What size will the amnion be at day 30?

A

1-1.3cm in size

28
Q

At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?

A

1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5” in diameter)
2) dorsal bulging more pronounced
3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg
4) slip membranes

29
Q

Pyrometra?

A

Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact

30
Q

At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?

A

1) slip membranes in both horns
2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water
3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), uterus is too large to be confused with metritis

31
Q

At 90 days, what are two factors considered important for diagnosis?

A

1) fetus can be palpated (usually the head)

2) differentiate from a mummified fetus

32
Q

At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.

A

60 days and after

33
Q

At 120 days, what factor is considered most important for diagnosis?

A

Can palpate the fetus

34
Q

At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?

A

120

35
Q

During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?

A

5.5-7.5

36
Q

During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?

A

Day 30

37
Q

What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?

A

1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging
2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling
3) slippage of membranes

38
Q

What size will the amnion be at day 30?

A

1-1.3cm in size

39
Q

At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?

A

1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5” in diameter)
2) dorsal bulging more pronounced
3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg
4) slip membranes

40
Q

Pyrometra?

A

Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact

41
Q

At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?

A

1) slip membranes in both horns
2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water
3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis

42
Q

At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.

A

60 days and after

43
Q

How can you differentiate between a mummified fetus?

A

The uterus is contracted around the fetal remains ad there is no fluid present with a mummified fetus

44
Q

At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?

A

120

45
Q

During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?

A

5.5-7.5

46
Q

During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?

A

Day 30

47
Q

What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?

A

1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging
2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling
3) slippage of membranes

48
Q

What size will the amnion be at day 30?

A

1-1.3cm in size

49
Q

At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?

A

1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5” in diameter)
2) dorsal bulging more pronounced
3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg
4) slip membranes

50
Q

Pyrometra?

A

Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact

51
Q

At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?

A

1) slip membranes in both horns
2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water
3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis

52
Q

At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.

A

60 days and after

53
Q

At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?

A

120

54
Q

During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?

A

5.5-7.5

55
Q

During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?

A

Day 30

56
Q

What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?

A

1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging
2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling
3) slippage of membranes

57
Q

What size will the amnion be at day 30?

A

1-1.3cm in size

58
Q

At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?

A

1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5” in diameter)
2) dorsal bulging more pronounced
3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg
4) slip membranes

59
Q

Pyrometra?

A

Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact

60
Q

At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?

A

1) slip membranes in both horns
2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water
3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis

61
Q

At day 90, what two factors are considered most useful in diagnosis?

A

1) fetus can be palpated - usually the head

2) differentiate from mummified fetus

62
Q

Mummified fetus?

A

The uterus is contracted around the fetal remains and there is no fluid present with a mummified fetus.

63
Q

At 120 days (4 months), what is the most considered factor used in diagnosis?

A

Can palpate fetus

64
Q

At 5 months, what 3 factors are considered most important for diagnosis?

A

1) distinct cotyledons - size of ovaries
2) fetus will be well formed. May have to reach for it
3) good pulse of pregnancy. Artery will be 1/4 - 1/2” in diameter

65
Q

At 5.5 - 7.5 months pregnant, what three factors are considered most important for diagnosis?

A

1) cotyledons will be variable in size
2) fetus may not be palpatable
3) good pulse of pregnancy. Artery will be 1/2” in diameter

66
Q

At 8 months, what is the key factor considered most important in diagnosis?

A

Fetus will be back in palpation range

ANSC Reproduction (15 decks)

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