Pregnancy Determination Flashcards
Describe the chorionic villi of the sow.
Uniform distribution of chorionic villi covering surface of chorion
Placentome?
Fetal cotyledons and maternal caruncles
What are the three zones of a zonary placenta?
1) transfer
2) pigmented
3) allantochorion
Which zone of a zonary placenta has regions of maternal hemorrhage and necrosis?
Pigmented zone
What restraints would you use for a dairy rectal examination?
In stanchions or work chute without head gates
What restraints would you use in beef cattle for a rectal examination?
In a catch chute with a side opening behind the chute (individually) or several at a time in a long chute separated by bars
What 5 structures would you palmate for in a rectal exam?
Uterus, ovary, cervix, fetus and amnion, pulse of pregnancy
What is the most important structure that is palpated in a rectal exam?
Uterus
Which structure is the one that most of your diagnosis will be based on it and its contents?
Uterus
Which factor of the uterus is slightly increased before pregnancy and very large immediately after birth?
Size
Which factor of the uterus is particularly noted in making differential diagnosis?
Thickness of the wall
Which factor of the uterus is turgid during estrus and post parturient; and relaxed during pregnancy and other stages if the estrous cycle?
State of tenseness or relaxation
Which factor of the uterus describes gently picking up and compressing either horn of the uterus and gently sliding fingers off the horn to feel fetal membranes slip between the thumb and fingers?
Slippage of membranes
When can you feel the cotyledons?
100 days to term
When should you feel dorsal bulging?
30-50 days
The ovaries are palpatable up to __ days.
120
Pregnancy is confirmed when the CL lies where?
On the side adjacent to conceptus
What two things confirm that the cow is open?
Absence of CL or presence of Graafian follicle
Which structure during palpation is chiefly a landmark and easy to palpate?
Cervix
Which structure is used to locate other structures?
Cervix
What factor of the cervix indicates the stage of pregnancy?
Size and position
Which structure is the most diagnostic?
Fetus and amnion
At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.
60 days and after
At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?
120
During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?
5.5-7.5
During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?
Day 30
What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?
1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging
2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling
3) slippage of membranes
What size will the amnion be at day 30?
1-1.3cm in size
At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?
1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5” in diameter)
2) dorsal bulging more pronounced
3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg
4) slip membranes
Pyrometra?
Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact
At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?
1) slip membranes in both horns
2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water
3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), uterus is too large to be confused with metritis
At 90 days, what are two factors considered important for diagnosis?
1) fetus can be palpated (usually the head)
2) differentiate from a mummified fetus
At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.
60 days and after
At 120 days, what factor is considered most important for diagnosis?
Can palpate the fetus
At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?
120
During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?
5.5-7.5
During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?
Day 30
What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?
1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging
2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling
3) slippage of membranes
What size will the amnion be at day 30?
1-1.3cm in size
At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?
1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5” in diameter)
2) dorsal bulging more pronounced
3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg
4) slip membranes
Pyrometra?
Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact
At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?
1) slip membranes in both horns
2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water
3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis
At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.
60 days and after
How can you differentiate between a mummified fetus?
The uterus is contracted around the fetal remains ad there is no fluid present with a mummified fetus
At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?
120
During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?
5.5-7.5
During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?
Day 30
What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?
1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging
2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling
3) slippage of membranes
What size will the amnion be at day 30?
1-1.3cm in size
At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?
1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5” in diameter)
2) dorsal bulging more pronounced
3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg
4) slip membranes
Pyrometra?
Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact
At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?
1) slip membranes in both horns
2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water
3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis
At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.
60 days and after
At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?
120
During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?
5.5-7.5
During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?
Day 30
What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?
1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging
2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling
3) slippage of membranes
What size will the amnion be at day 30?
1-1.3cm in size
At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?
1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5” in diameter)
2) dorsal bulging more pronounced
3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg
4) slip membranes
Pyrometra?
Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact
At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?
1) slip membranes in both horns
2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water
3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis
At day 90, what two factors are considered most useful in diagnosis?
1) fetus can be palpated - usually the head
2) differentiate from mummified fetus
Mummified fetus?
The uterus is contracted around the fetal remains and there is no fluid present with a mummified fetus.
At 120 days (4 months), what is the most considered factor used in diagnosis?
Can palpate fetus
At 5 months, what 3 factors are considered most important for diagnosis?
1) distinct cotyledons - size of ovaries
2) fetus will be well formed. May have to reach for it
3) good pulse of pregnancy. Artery will be 1/4 - 1/2” in diameter
At 5.5 - 7.5 months pregnant, what three factors are considered most important for diagnosis?
1) cotyledons will be variable in size
2) fetus may not be palpatable
3) good pulse of pregnancy. Artery will be 1/2” in diameter
At 8 months, what is the key factor considered most important in diagnosis?
Fetus will be back in palpation range
