Comparative Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
True or false: the tunica dartos can not sustain contractions.
False. It can.
What is the cremaster responsible for?
Fight or flight scenario -> pulling testis up towards body cavity (can’t sustain contractions); responsible for pulling up tight against the body after ejaculation (for short periods of time)
Differences between bull and alpaca?
Alpaca has a more prominent prostate
Smaller testis
Glans penis is a different shape
Differences between bull and stallion?
Stallion has more prominent Cowper’s glands (vulva-urethral gland)
Different penis type
Testis oriented differently
Bulbo-spongiosous muscle (moves sperm through reproductive tract)
Differences between bull and boar?
Boar has extensively developed vesicular glands
Prominent Cowper’s glands
Larger testis
Corkscrew glans penis
Where does the volume of ejaculation come from?
Cowper’s/accessory glands
Differences in bull vs Tom?
Prominent Cowper’s gland
Androgen dependent spines in penis
Smaller, different orientation of testis
Differences between bull vs dog?
Only accessory gland is the 4-lobed prostate
Penis is different in free end
Different orientation of testis
Smaller testis
Rank the following in order of testis size from largest to smallest: bull, ram, boar, stallion
Boar, bull, ram, stallion
Describe the orientation of the bull testis.
Vertical
- facilitates evaporative cooling
- allows tail to be oriented farthest away from body wall (highest temperature) where ejaculatory reserves of sperm are
Orientation of boar testis?
Oblique (“slanted”)
-oriented where head of epididymis is closer to the body and the tail is farthest from the body (at a slant)
Orientation of stallion testis?
Horizontal
-oriented where tail of epididymis is at coolest point in this region
Orientation of human testes?
Pendulus scrotum with coolest point farthest from body in vertical position
Function of colliculus seminalis?
Lumen of area; large collecting duct; area that secretions from accessory sex glands are dumped; comes from urinary bladder and dumped into this area by urethras and expelled so sperm prepares for ejaculation
The ___ has no prostate body.
Ram
The __ has no ampulla and large vesicular glands and Cowper’s glands.
Boar
The __ has no disseminate prostate and a large prostate body.
Human
The __ has no disseminate prostate and a highly developed ampulla region.
Stallion
The __ has no disseminate prostate or seminal vesicles.
Tom
The __ only has a prostate gland and no disseminate prostate or seminal vesicles.
Dog
What is benign prostate hyperplasia and what species is it associated with?
Humans: gland surrounds the colliculus seminalis (duct that connects urine and semen before expelled) and grows in size, pinching off urethra and causing problems with urination
What is the purpose of clots/gels in ejaculate?
They help keep ejaculate in to prevent amount of semen from coming back out.
Where do the fluids in ejaculate come from?
Accessory sex glands, semen, epididymis, fluids produced in testes
Which species have a gel fraction in their ejaculate?
Boar and stallion
Which species has a clotting enzyme in their ejaculate?
Humans
Two different penis types? Differences? Examples?
Muscular-vascular: more erectile tissue, corpus cavernosum is softer with large sinuses, no sigmoid flexure (human, stallion)
Fibroelastic: limited erectile tissue, connective tissue encased (tunica albuginea), sigmoid flexure (bull, boar, ram)
In the bull, ejaculate is released upon stimulation by __ in the glans penis.
Temperature
Describe the glans penis of the ram.
Urethral process is on the end (filiform appendage) - sprays ejaculate all over the place
__ forms a turgid bulb during erection in the dog that allows for the copulatory lock.
Bulbis-glands
