Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANSC Reproduction > Parturition > Flashcards

Parturition Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three stages of labor?

A

1) dilation of the cervix
2) expulsion of the fetus
3) expulsion if the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Parturition?

A

Expulsion of the fetus and placenta from the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What labor stage is the longest?

A

Stage one: dilation of the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 requirements for the expulsion of the fetus?

A

Myometrium contractions, dilation of the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hormones stimulate the myometrium contractions?

A

PGF-2a: contractions of myometrium and luteal regression

Oxytocin: myometrial cintractions itself and stimulates PGF production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which hormones stimulate the dilation of the cervix?

A

Relaxin

PGF-2a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What three things occur in the stage of dilation of the cervix?

A

1) loss of collagen
2) loosening or separation of collagen fibers
3) stage of labor that takes the longest ad also associated with distocia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What two things comprise the endocrinology of parturition?

A

1) removal of the progesterone block

2) estrogen to progesterone ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What steps must take place for the progesterone block to be removed?

A

P4 blocks E2 receptor and oxytocin receptor formation and PGF synthesis. Removal of P4 permits receptor formation and PGF synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A __ estrogen:progesterone ratio promotes myometrial excitability (contractions).

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ferguson reflex?

A

A neuroendocrine reflex in which the head of the fetus presses on cervix stimulating release of oxytocin from posterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the ferguson reflex facilitated by?

A

A high E:P ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of oxytocin in the ferguson reflex?

A

Stimulate myometrial contractions and PGF release from uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oxytocin receptors ___ 40-100 fold at term in women.

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oxytocin concentrations change little during ___ but increase greatly during ___.

A

Initial stages of labor

Expulsion of the fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the ewe, what is parturition initiated by?

A

The fetus

16
Q

How does the fetus stimulate parturition in the ewe?

A

1) maturation of the fetal hypothalamus.
2) fetal corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3) ACTH stimulates fetal adrenal gland to release cortisol
4) fetal cortisol induces placental production of enzymes that metabolize P4 to E2
5) increased E2 and cortisol stimulate increased PGF production by uterus

17
Q

What 2 things remove the P4 block?

A

1) CL regression (PGF)

2) placental conversion of P4 to E2

18
Q

Which hormone increases elasticity of cervix and birth canal? Where is it found and stimulated by?

A

Relaxin: from CL or placenta; stimulated by PGF

19
Q

What 4 factors cause myometrial contractions?

A

E:P
Ferguson Reflex
Oxytocin
PGF

20
Q

In women, which hormone does not decline at parturition?

A

P4

21
Q

What are the two earliest identifiable events of parturition?

A

Increase PGF

Increase oxytocin receptor

22
Q

Which hormone increases cervical, vaginal secretions-lubrication?

A

Estrogen

23
Q

Water breaks?

A

Head and feet of fetus push on amnion/allantois rupturing membranes-lubrication

24
Q

Fetal hypoxia?

A

Fetus deprived of oxygen in birth canal - stimulates uterine contractions

25
Q

Uterine contractions are accompanied by ___ contractions.

A

Abdominal

26
Q

What is one way pressure is reduced in parturition?

A

By the release of chorionic villi facilitated by vasoconstriction of villi arterioles

27
Q

Hemochorial placenta?

A

Maternal vasoconstriction reduces hemorrhaging

28
Q

Three reasons for distocia?

A

1) large fetus
2) abnormal presentation of the fetus (breach), abnormal limb presentation
3) multiple birth

29
Q

Skunk cabbage?

A

Sheep had prolonged gestation and congenital hypoplasia of anterior pituitary gland

30
Q

Gene defects?

A

Recessive gene in Holsteins had prolonged gestation due to pituitary hypoplasia

31
Q

How can parturition be induced in cattle and sheep?

A

By injecting corticosteroids

32
Q

What 6 things do hormonal changes cause?

A

1) final maturation of fetus
2) expansion of birth canal
3) maternal behavior
4) synthesis and ejection of milk
5) initiation of uterine contractions
6) termination of pregnancy

33
Q

Which hormone completes final mammary development and milk secretion?

A

Prolactin

34
Q

Fescue toxicity problems?

A

Ergot causes inhibition of prolactin release and thus milk production

35
Q

Which hormone stimulates lung surfactant?

A

Cortisol

36
Q

Which hormone initiates parturition and lung development?

A

Fetal cortisol

ANSC Reproduction (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions