predation Flashcards
what is a source?
an area of ideal conditions for a species. the species will reproduce effectively and the concentration of the species will become too much. individuals will migrate to avoid interspecific competition
what is a sink?
a suboptimal area into which excess individuals from a source population will go to perish, either due to predators or just their poor condition.
what is the order of symbiosis?
mutualism–> commensalism–> parasite–> parasitoid–> predation
how do predators drive evolution?
by creating challenging environments for prey. those that evolve beneficially will survive
what is pursuit in terms of predation strategy?
chasing prey till it tires- wild dogs, flacons and early humans
what is ambush in terms of predation strategy?
waiting for prey to come within striking distance before attacking- snakes
what is lure and pitfall in terms of predation strategy?
drawing prey close to predator or trapping prey so predator can move in- spiders
name 5 anti predator strategies
aposematism camo group living mutualism with protective organisms enhanced senses for predator detection
what is the dilution effect in terms of group living?
when there are so many individuals a predator cannot pick one to predate
what is the selfish herd in terms if group living?
individuals will seek central positions in a huddle
what is communal defence?
when all members of a group have defensive capabilities, unlike ants who only have soldiers
what is an example of suicidal altruism?
a bee dying once it stings a predator
what is honest signalling? use gazelles as an example
prey animal will show off while being chased or stalked. discourages predator from trying to hunt it
define mertensian mimicry (peregrin falcon)
when a predator evolves to look like a prey animal
define pouyamian mimicry (orchids)
when a plant mimics the reproductive organ of an animal
