Parasitism

Question 1

define symbiosis

Answer 1

a continuum of interactions between heterospecifics

Question 2

what are the levels of symbiosis

Answer 2

mutualism –> commensalism –> parasitism –> parasitoids –>predation

Question 3

define mutualism

Answer 3

beneficial for both parties

Question 4

define commensalism

Answer 4

one party benefits and the other neither benefits nor suffers

Question 5

define parasitism

Answer 5

one organism depends on another by living on or in it while the host suffers slightly. the parasite is adapted to keep its host alive while feeding on it

Question 6

define parasitoidism

Answer 6

when the parasite lives off its host eventually killing it as part of its overall plan

Question 7

define predation

Answer 7

the outright consumption of one organism by another

Question 8

define hyperparasitism

Answer 8

a parasite whose host is also a parasite

Question 9

what is the most common phylum of faunal parasite

Answer 9

arthropods

Question 10

define ectoparasitism

Answer 10

when a parasite exploits its host from outside the host

Question 11

define endoparasitism

Answer 11

when a parasite exploits its host from inside the host

Question 12

define social parasitism

Answer 12

when social interactions between hosts are exploited by parasite

Question 13

define kleptoparasitism

Answer 13

the theft of resources from other organisms

Question 14

define brood parasitism (cuckoo)

Answer 14

when eggs are laid in a heterospecific’s nest

Question 15

how can a host birds prevent being a victim of brood parasitism?

Answer 15

by laying many eggs they can lessen the chances of a cuckoo egg being raised as the mother will have more of her own young to look after

Question 16

define sexual parasitism (anglerfish)

Answer 16

males attach to females and mate continuously

Question 17

define plant parasitism

Answer 17

specialised roots penetrate those of other plants and steal nutrients

Question 18

how can phylogenetic relationships be determined by parasites

Answer 18

common parasites in different species can indicate that they are closely related

Question 19

how can parasitism develop into mutualism?

Answer 19

parasites and hosts co evolve after long periods of time and become dependent on each other. parasites can turn to their conventional parasitic ways again

Question 20

define parasitic phoresis

Answer 20

parasites depends on host for locomotion

Question 21

define secondary sex characteristics

Answer 21

features only present on one of two sexes (breasts and Adams apple)