Convergent and divergent evolution Flashcards
define convergent evolution
when two distinct species evolve similar features despite neither of their ancestors having that feature
define parallel evolution
when similar traits develop in district species due to similar evolutionary pressures
define homology
similarities based phylogenetic relationships- position of muscles and bones due to hox genes
define analogy
visual similarities decided by similar environmental pressures but developed differently at different times- wings of a fly and wings of a bird
what is a disadvantage of having a tooth line close to the jaw?
bad lateral movement- crocs
where would the temporalis muscle be situated in a croc?
above the jaw bone
where would the masseter muscle be situated in a human?
at the rear of and in line with the jaw line- good lateral movement
what is mycorrhiza
a fungus that is an end and ecto entity in and around tree roots
what is the function of mycorrhiza?
provides inorganic compounds
it transports hormonal messages, nutrients and water
what do plants provide to mycorrhiza?
carbohydrates- they produce it in abundance and so can discharge it
what is a hub tree?
a tree with many mycorrhizal interactions
what is lichen composed of?
a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae
TRUE or FALSE: mutualistic protozoa and bacteria in ruminants evolved from once parasitic respective ancestors?
TRUE
where does the jaw joint lie in relation to tooth line in carnivores?
in line- allows for scissor-like movement
where does the jaw joint lie in relation to the tooth line in herbivores?
above it- allows for lateral, grinding movement
