Pre-Matriculation Anatomy Supplemental Summative Exam

Question 1

Question:
What male reproductive structure completely encircles the urethra?

Answer Choices
1. Epididymis
2. Scrotum
3. Seminal vesicle
4. Prostate

Answer 1

4. Prostate

Question 2

Question:
A structure is composed of water in a collagen matrix and provides suspension between vertebral bodies.

Herniation of this structure may result in pressure applied to what part of a spinal nerve?

Answer Choices:
1. Fila
2. Plexus
3. Rami
4. Root

Answer 2

4. Root

Question 3

Question:
A patient presents with a small bowel obstruction. The obstruction is located in a region of the small intestines that under histological examination contains numerous Paneth cells and Peyer’s patches. Where is this obstruction located?

Answer Choices:
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
4. Cecum
5. Rectum

Answer 3

3. Ileum

Question 4

Question:
The extensor hallucis brevis muscle is an intrinsic muscle in the foot that aids in dorsiflexion of the foot. What proximal foot bone provides the proximal origin of this muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Calcaneus
2. First metacarpal
3. Navicular
4. Talus

Answer 4

1. Calcaneus

Question 5

Case:
The ligaments and tendons are weakened causing height of the medial longitudinal arch to decrease.

Question:
What would be a possible diagnosis for weakened ligaments and tendons causing decreased height of the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer Choices:
1. Clawfoot
2. Clubfoot
3. Flatfoot
4. Hallux valgus

Answer 5

3. Flatfoot

Question 6

Question:
An obese 65-year-old woman with a history of osteoporosis reports acute onset low back pain that radiates down the back of the right thigh to the lower right leg. What vertebral injury would most likely cause her symptoms?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterolateral herniation of the L5-S1 IV disc
2. L3 vertebral body fracture
3. L5 vertebral body fracture
4. Posterolateral herniation of the L2-L3 IV disc
5. Posterolateral herniation of the L4-L5 IV disc

Answer 6

5. Posterolateral herniation of the L4-L5 IV disc

Question 7

Question:
The superior and inferior gluteal arteries are branches of the internal iliac artery. What muscle separates these two arteries as they exit the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer Choices:
1. Gluteus medius
2. Gluteus minimus
3. Piriformis
4. Quadratus femoris

Answer 7

3. Piriformis

Question 8

Question:
The popliteal artery gives rise to arteries supplying the leg and exits through the popliteal fossa between which two muscles?

Answer Choices:
1. Gastrocnemius and plantaris
2. Gastrocnemius and popliteus
3. Soleus and gastrocnemius
4. Soleus and tibialis posterior

Answer 8

2. Gastrocnemius and popliteus

Question 9

Question:
A 32-year-old man with a history of tricuspid valve replacement with a prosthetic valve as a child has been managed without complications for years on baby aspirin. He suddenly develops a toothache and finds that he needs a root canal. His history is a significant risk factor for developing what cardiac condition?

Answer Choices:
1. Endocarditis
2. Heart attack
3. Myocarditis
4. Pericarditis

Answer 9

1. Endocarditis

Question 10

Question:
In human beings, the lower respiratory system divides into the right and left lungs. Which of the following is true about the number of lobes in each lung?

Answer Choices:
1. The right lung has 2 lobes, while the left lung has 3.
2. The right lung has 3 lobes, while the left lung has 2.
3. Both lungs have 2 lobes.
4. Both lungs have 3 lobes.

Answer 10

2. The right lung has 3 lobes, while the left lung has 2.

Question 11

Case:
A 35-year old man is brought to the emergency department after a stab wound to his chest. Palpation of the radial pulse is rapid at 150 and the blood pressure is low at 75/30. The neck veins are also visibly engorged.

Question
The patient is suffering from cardiac tamponade. Which of the following is causing this patient’s condition?

Answer Choices:
1. Fluid accumulation between the fibrous pericardium and parietal serous pericardium
2. Fluid accumulation between the parietal and visceral serous pericardium
3. Fluid accumulation in the right atrium and ventricle
4. Fluid accumulation in the left atrium and ventricle

Answer 11

2. Fluid accumulation between the parietal and visceral serous pericardium

Question 12

Case:
An elderly woman presents to the emergency department with a 24-hour history of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. She is found to have a femoral hernia, which is identified on physical exam by palpation of a painful mass overlying her inguinal ligament. She is taken to the operating room for emergent reduction of this hernia.

Question:
The inguinal ligament forms the base of the femoral triangle. What are the medial and lateral borders of the femoral triangle through which the femoral bundle passes?

Answer Choices:
1. Adductor longus, sartorius
2. Adductor longus, rectus femoris
3. Gracillis, sartorius
4. Gracillus, rectus femoris
5. Rectus femoris, sartorius

Answer 12

1. Adductor longus, sartorius

Question 13

Question:
What part of the large intestine receives preganglionic parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve?

Answer Choices:
1. Ascending colon
2. Distal third of the transverse colon
3. Left colic flexure
4. Sigmoid colon

Answer 13

1. Ascending colon

Question 14

Question:
What forms the anterior border of the perineum?

Answer Choices:
1. Pubic symphysis
2. Inferior pubic rami
3. The tip of the coccyx
4. The pelvic floor

Answer 14

1. Pubic symphysis

Question 15

Question:
There are multiple nerves supplying the esophagus. Which nerve supplies the striated muscle of the cervical esophagus?

Answer Choices:
1. Auerbach plexus
2. Dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve
3. Meissner plexus
4. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 15

4. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 16

Question:
The “pelvic bone” is the fusion of several bones.

Which bone is the largest of these, forming the ala of the pelvis?

Answer Choices:
1. Acetabulum
2. Ilium
3. Ischium
4. Pubis

Answer 16

2. Ilium

Question 17

Question:
What is the outer serous lining of the heart?

Answer Choices:
1. Endocardium
2. Myocardium
3. Pericardial effusion
4. Pericardium

Answer 17

4. Pericardium

Question 18

Question:
The sacral plexus forms nerves that supply many of the muscles of the gluteal region. What nerve from this plexus branches off to supply the gluteus maximus muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Inferior gluteal nerve
2. Posterior femoral nerve
3. Pudendal nerve
4. Superior gluteal nerve

Answer 18

1. Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 19

Question:
When clearing the cervical spine for injury using radiographic imaging, abnormal facet joint overlap can be a sign of instability. Facet joints are formed by which structures of the vertebral arch?

Answer Choices:
1. Articular processes
2. Laminae
3. Spinous processes
4. Transverse processes

Answer 19

1. Articular processes

Question 20

Question:
Structures protecting the spinal cord form foramina between discrete bodies, arches, and pedicles. What region is composed of the smallest of these structures?

Answer Choices:
1. Cervical
2. Lumbar
3. Thoracic
4. Sacral

Answer 20

1. Cervical

Question 21

Question:
There are four major muscles located in the anterior compartment of the leg.

Which muscle is the strongest of these muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

Answer Choices:
1. Extensor digitorum longus
2. Extensor hallucis longus
3. Fibularis tertius
4. Tibialis anterior

Answer 21

4. Tibialis anterior

Question 22

Question:
Structures protecting the spinal cord form foramina between discrete bodies, arches, and pedicles. Which of these structures lacks a body and instead forms a fusion of anterior and posterior arches?

Answer Choices:
1. C1
2. C2
3. C3
4. C4

Answer 22

1. C1

Question 23

Question:
What muscle helps to flex the thigh at the hip and is located somewhere other than one of the thigh compartments?

Answer Choices:
1. Iliopsoas
2. Pectineus
3. Quadriceps femoris
4. Sartorius

Answer 23

1. Iliopsoas

Question 24

Question:
Which of the following bodily structures is possibly defective if a person is incontinent?

Answer Choices:
1. Trigone
2. Transversus abdominis
3. Urethral sphincter muscles
4. Detrusor muscle

Answer 24

3. Urethral sphincter muscles

Question 25

Question:
A patient with difficulty swallowing is evaluated with a barium swallow study. The result is considered normal, although there are 3 areas of the esophagus that appear narrowed. These normal constrictions in the esophagus are formed by the compression of which structures on the esophagus?

Answer Choices:
1. Aortic arch, left main bronchus, diaphragm
2. Brachiocephalic trunk, left pulmonary artery, T10 vertebra
3. Left main bronchus, sternal notch, azygos vein
4. Sternal notch, tracheal carina, inferior vena cava

Answer 25

1. Aortic arch, left main bronchus, diaphragm

Question 26

Question:
Which of the following kidney structures houses the renal pyramids?

Answer Choices:
1. Renal sinuses
2. Renal medulla
3. Renal cortex
4. Renal pelvis

Answer 26

2. Renal medulla

Question 27

Case:
A 38-year-old woman presents to the clinic with weight gain, hair growth on her chin, acne, irritability, and absence of her normal monthly menstruation. The patient’s blood pressure is elevated in the clinic at 150/85. Her examination reveals a purple bruising pattern on her abdomen, large rounded face, and a fat pad on the back of her neck. She denies any new medications and denies changes in her dietary habits or physical activities.

Question:
Which area of the suprarenal gland is the source of the patient’s symptoms?

Answer Choices:
1. Zona reticularis
2. Zona fasiculata
3. Zona glomerulosa
4. Medulla

Answer 27

2. Zona fasiculata

Question 28

Case:
After delivering twins, a G4P4005 patient presents to the OB/GYN 2 weeks postpartum with constipation and pressure in the vagina and pelvis. Upon digital examination, the OB/GYN feels a bulging mass deep within the vaginal cavity.

Question:
What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer Choices:
1. Internal hemorrhoids
2. Perineal laceration
3. Rectocele
4. Uterine prolapse

Answer 28

3. Rectocele

Question 29

Question:
Human anatomy is the study of the structures and features of the bodies of human beings. Which of the following terms also refers to human anatomy?

Answer Choices:
1. Morphology
2. Physiology
3. Histology
4. Sociology

Answer 29

1. Morphology

Question 30

Question:
The treatment for acute cholecystitis is removal of the gallbladder, usually with a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Which 2 structures must be divided to remove the gallbladder?

Answer Choices:
1. Common bile duct, right hepatic artery
2. Common bile duct, cystic artery
3. Cystic duct, cystic artery
4. Cystic duct, gastroduodenal artery

Answer 30

3. Cystic duct, cystic artery

Question 31

Question:
A structure is formed by a dorsal and ventral fiber, and it exits through an intervertebral foramen.

Which structure of this kind supplies the upper extremities?

Answer Choices:
1. C3
2. C7
3. T3
4. T7

Answer 31

2. C7

Question 32

Question:
Avascular necrosis of the head of the femur can be caused by specific damage to what crucial artery supplying the hip joint?

Answer Choices:
1. Femoral artery
2. Lateral circumflex femoral artery
3. Medial circumflex femoral artery
4. Profunda femoris artery

Answer 32

3. Medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 33

Question:
What is true about assessing the spleen of an adult patient who has potential hematological problems?

Answer Choices:
1. Abdomen should be palpated by the health provider.
2. Abdomen should not be palpated.
3. Spleen typically cannot be palpated even if enlarged.
4. Abdomen should be palpated by the nurses aide.

Answer 33

1. Abdomen should be palpated by the health provider.

Question 34

Question:
Each vertebra has an articulation with the vertebra above it. What is this articulation called?

Answer Choices:
1. Inferior articular process
2. Lamina
3. Superior articular process
4. Transverse process

Answer 34

3. Superior articular process

Question 35

Question:
The human spinal cord controls which function of the body?

Answer Choices:
1. Blood oxygenation
2. Heart rate
3. Mobility
4. Bowel movements

Answer 35

3. Mobility

Question 36

Question:
What muscle originates from the anterolateral surface of the sacrum?

Answer Choices:
1. Obturator internus
2. Superior gemellus
3. Piriformis
4. Obturator externus

Answer 36

3. Piriformis

Question 37

Case:
A 2-day-old boy is seen in the mother-baby unit due to feeding intolerance. He was born at full term via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery but has had multiple episodes of bilious vomiting with feeds. Pregnancy was uncomplicated and he had Apgar scores of 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. On exam, he is well-appearing although fussy. His abdomen is soft and non-tender with no palpable masses. An abdominal radiograph reveals a narrowing of the duodenum just distal to the pylorus.

Question:
What is the most likely etiology of this feeding intolerance?

Answer Choices:
1. Duodenal atresia
2. Annular pancreas
3. Pyloric stenosis
4. Normal physiology
5. Reflux

Answer 37

2. Annular pancreas

Question 38

Question:
A biopsy was taken of a patient who was suspected of having cancer. The sample was mislabeled and it was unknown whom the sample came from. Luckily, the pathologist on call noted extensive amounts of transitional epithelium and was very confident what organ the sample was taken from. What organ is the pathologist most likely thinking of?

Answer Choices:
1. Lungs
2. Small intestines
3. Bladder
4. Stomach

Answer 38

3. Bladder

Question 39

Question:
A 61-year-old bedridden woman develops a left subphrenic abscess (localized infection) after undergoing a splenectomy. How must drainage of pus from the abscess be regarded in this patient?

Answer Choices:
1. Percutaneous drainage is done via incision inferior to the twelfth rib.
2. Pus will be confined to the retroperitoneal space.
3. Pus will drain to the rectouterine pouch of Douglas.
4. Pus will likely localize to the left sub-diaphragmatic space.

Answer 39

1. Percutaneous drainage is done via incision inferior to the twelfth rib.

Question 40

Case:
An 87-year-old woman presents with low back pain after a fall. She does not have radiating pain. She has had no prior injuries or surgeries to the spine. Upon physical examination, she has point tenderness directly over the vertebrae at the same level as the highest point of the iliac crest.

Question:
The highest point of the iliac crest, or the supracristal plane, passes through which vertebral body?

Answer Choices:
1. L2
2. L3
3. L4
4. L5

Answer 40

3. L4

Question 41

Question:
What type of joint is formed at the articulation of the distal end of the femur and menisci of the tibia?

Answer Choices:
1. Pivot
2. Condyloid
3. Ball and socket
4. Hinge
5. Saddle

Answer 41

4. Hinge

Question 42

Case:
A 56-year old woman presents to the clinic with concerns for urinary frequency and a “bulge” in her vaginal canal. The patient has also noted that she has been having episodes of urinary incontinence over many years that has worsened since she has noticed the bulge. Patient has a history of 6 prior vaginal deliveries in her late 20s and early 30s without any complications surrounding her deliveries.

Question:
Which pelvic floor muscle is the likely source of her symptoms?

Answer Choices:
1. Pubococcygeus muscle
2. Iliococcygeus muscle
3. Coccygeous muscle
4. Puborectalis muscle

Answer 42

1. Pubococcygeus muscle

Question 43

Question:
The external layer of the pericardium is called the fibrous pericardium, which is the continuation of what anatomical structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Central tendon of the diaphragm
2. Epicardium
3. Periosteum of the sternum
4. Pleura

Answer 43

1. Central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 44

Question:
A column composed of vertebrae presents several curves that correspond to different regions of the column.

Starting from the top of the spine, what curve ends at the sacrovertebral angle?

Answer Choices:
1. Cervical
2. Lumbar
3. Pelvic
4. Thoracic

Answer 44

2. Lumbar

Question 45

Question:
A patient presents with a massive myocardial infarction. The hospital runs imaging tests and determines the coronary vessel supplying most of the left ventricle has been completely blocked. What vessel is this?

Answer Choices:
1. Left anterior descending artery
2. Right coronary artery
3. Right marginal artery
4. Circumflex artery
5. Left marginal artery

Answer 45

1. Left anterior descending artery

Question 46

Question:
A child swallows a small toy approximately 5 cm in diameter and lodges the toy in the airway. The child is taken to the emergency department where the toy is found to have passed the larynx. Where is the most likely location of the toy now?

Answer Choices:
1. Left main stem bronchus
2. Carina
3. Right main stem bronchus
4. Alveoli
5. Terminal bronchioles

Answer 46

3. Right main stem bronchus

Question 47

Question:
The thoracic duct extends upward throughout the length of the thorax to act as the main lymphatic duct in the chest cavity. Where does this duct normally drain into?

Answer Choices:
1. External jugular vein
2. Jugulo-subclavian junction
3. Right subclavian vein
4. Superior vena cava

Answer 47

2. Jugulo-subclavian junction

Question 48

Question:
A child reports increased back pain and an uneven gait that gives the healthcare provider the impression that one limb is shorter than another (but they are equal when directly measured)?

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer Choices:
1. Kyphosis
2. Lordosis
3. Scoliosis
4. Spina bifida

Answer 48

3. Scoliosis

Question 49

Question:
What is the mass of tissues and organs between the sternum and the vertebral column?

Answer Choices:
1. Diaphragm
2. Endocardium
3. Mediastinum
4. Myocardium

Answer 49

3. Mediastinum

Question 50

Case:
The vertebrae are connected by a series of ligaments that limits movement and creates a cohesive spinal column.

Question:
Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the spinal cord?

Answer Choices:
1. Ligamentum flavum
2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
3. Posterior longitudinal ligament
4. Supraspinous ligaments
5. Interspinous ligaments

Answer 50

2. Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 51

Question:
A patient comes to the emergency department due to abdominal pain. After questioning the patient, the physician orders imaging scans to be done, as they suspect the patient just has severe constipation. Upon arrival of the scans, where should the doctor look to see if their diagnosis is correct?

Answer Choices:
1. Ascending colon
2. Descending colon
3. Rectum
4. Sigmoid colon

Answer 51

4. Sigmoid colon

Question 52

Question:
Which of the following has risk factors of a diet high in fatty foods, excessive alcohol consumption, and inherited genetic mutations?

Answer Choices:
1. Acute gallstones
2. Acute pancreatitis
3. Pancreatic cancer
4. Pancreatitis

Answer 52

3. Pancreatic cancer

Question 53

Question:
The hepatic circulation is controlled by the hepatic buffer control system. How does the hepatic buffer control system make adjustments to blood flow?

Answer Choices:
1. Increases blood flow in the portal vein in response to increased blood flow to the hepatic artery.
2. Decreases blood flow in the hepatic artery in response to increased blood flow to the portal vein.
3. Increases blood flow in the hepatic artery in response to decreased blood flow to the portal vein.
4. Decreases blood flow in the portal vein in response to decreased blood flow to the hepatic artery.

Answer 53

3. Increases blood flow in the hepatic artery in response to decreased blood flow to the portal vein.

Question 54

Question:
What is scoliosis?

Answer Choices:
1. Excessive curvature of the thoracic spine
2. Reduced size of intervertebral foramina
3. A lateral curvature of the spine
4. Excessive curvature of the lumbar spine

Answer 54

3. A lateral curvature of the spine

Question 55

Question:
A 55-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with chest pain when breathing and shortness of breath. A computed tomography (CT) was done and the patient was found to have inflammation of the membrane lining the lungs. Where is the inflammation located?

Answer Choices:
1. Apex
2. Hilum of the lung
3. Horizontal fissures
4. Pleural cavity

Answer 55

4. Pleural cavity

Question 56

Question:
There are 6 major lymphatic trunks that drain specific areas of the body. Which lymphatic trunk drains the pulmonary lymph fluid?

Answer Choices:
1. Bronchomediastinal trunk
2. Intestinal trunk
3. Jugular trunk
4. Subclavian trunk

Answer 56

1. Bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 57

Question:
When positioning a patient in the supine position for an extended time, what intervention helps prevent problems (contractures) with the ankle?

Answer Choices:
1. Dorsiflexion of 30°
2. Dorsiflexion of 60°
3. Dorsiflexion of 90°
4. Dorsiflexion of 180°

Answer 57

3. Dorsiflexion of 90°

Question 58

Question:
There are large and small muscles that move the upper leg in the gluteal region.

Which muscle has the primary function of laterally/externally rotating the thigh at the hip?

Answer Choices:
1. Gluteus maximus
2. Gluteus medius
3. Gluteus minimus
4. Quadratus femoris

Answer 58

4. Quadratus femoris

Question 59

Question:
Cartilaginous structures between adjacent vertebrae enable motion of the spine and protection from heavy loads. What component of these structures is composed of lamellae and comprises the outer portion of the discs?

Answer Choices:
1. Annulus fibrosus
2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
3. Ligamentum flavum
4. Nucleus pulposus

Answer 59

1. Annulus fibrosus

Question 60

Question:
There is a difference between the male and female pelvic outlet that helps differentiate between the sexes in evaluating skeletal remains. What shape is the pelvic outlet in females?

Answer Choices:
1. Circular
2. Heart-shaped
3. Oval
4. Triangular

Answer 60

1. Circular

Question 61

Question:
Which portion of the large intestine contains the appendix?

Answer Choices:
1. Ascending colon
2. Cecum
3. Descending colon
4. Sigmoid colon

Answer 61

2. Cecum

Question 62

Question:
Which of the four ligaments that support the hip joint is intracapsular rather than extracapsular?

Answer Choices:
1. Iliofemoral ligament
2. Ischiofemoral ligament
3. Ligament of the head of the femur
4. Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 62

3. Ligament of the head of the femur

Question 63

Question:
Which spiral ligament of the hip joint keeps the head of the femur held within the acetabulum?

Answer Choices:
1. Acetabular labrum
2. Iliofemoral ligament
3. Ischiofemoral ligament
4. Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 63

3. Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 64

Question:
Which of the following conditions is the main cause of osteoarthritis?

Answer Choices:
1. Deterioration of ligaments
2. Deterioration of bone near the joints
3. Excess bone at the joint
4. Breakdown of articular cartilage

Answer 64

4. Breakdown of articular cartilage

Question 65

Question:
A 17-year-old male high school soccer player quickly changed direction during a game and averted a defensive player, scoring a goal, but also injuring himself. What type of injury might he have sustained with his quick start-stop directional change movement?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior cruciate ligament tear
2. Chondromalacia
3. Knee fracture
4. Meniscus tear

Answer 65

1. Anterior cruciate ligament tear

Question 66

Question:
Which muscle is considered an intrinsic back muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Latissimus dorsi
2. Trapezius
3. Rhomboids
4. Splenius cervicis

Answer 66

4. Splenius cervicis

Question 67

Question:
A woman called 911 related to chest pain, feeling short of breath, and feeling that her heart was irregular. Upon evaluation, she was found to have an electrical blockage in her heart. Her heart rate was in the 40s and EKG reading showed no P-waves. What might be blocked in this patient’s heart?

Answer Choices:
1. Atrioventricular node
2. Bundle of His
3. Purkinje fibers
4. Sinoatrial node

Answer 67

4. Sinoatrial node

Question 68

Question:
In some vertebrae, there is an articulation for the ribs to connect to the spine.

What part of this articulation includes the superior costal facet?

Answer Choices:
1. Transverse process
2. Spinous process
3. Vertebral body
4. Pedicle

Answer 68

3. Vertebral body

Question 69

Case:
A 55-year-old male patient with a 20-year smoking history is experiencing pain, swelling, and weakness in the right arm and hand, with slight difficulty seeing out of the right eye. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging confirms the diagnosis of a Pancoast tumor.

Question:
What structure is being compressed?

Answer Choices:
1. Common carotid artery
2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
3. Sympathetic trunk
4. Trachea
5. Vagus nerve

Answer 69

3. Sympathetic trunk