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PACAT > Pre-Matriculation Anatomy Part I Summative Exam > Flashcards

Pre-Matriculation Anatomy Part I Summative Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Case:
A flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint is innervated by the radial nerve on a lateral component and the musculocutaneous nerve.

Question:
Where does this muscle originate on the medial side?

Answer Choices:
1. Coracoid process
2. Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
3. Intermuscular septum
4. Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

A
  1. Intermuscular septum
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2
Q

Case:
A muscle within the superficial layer of the posterior forearm is innervated by the radial nerve.

Question:
What is a role of this muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Abductor of the thumb
2. Abductor of the wrist
3. Extensor of the index finger
4. Supinator of the forearm

A
  1. Abductor of the wrist
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3
Q

Question:
A structure consists of the pinna and the external acoustic meatus. What feature of this structure reflects sound from behind?

Answer Choices:
1. Antihelix
2. Auricle
3. Helix
4. Tragus

A
  1. Tragus
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4
Q

Case:
The transition of the neck and the arm is formed by the clavicle, scapula, upper thoracic wall, and humerus with related muscles.

Question:
Which wall of this structure is formed by the upper thoracic wall and the serratus anterior muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior
2. Lateral
3. Medial
4. Posterior

A
  1. Medial
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5
Q

Question:
A cranial nerve with both sensory and motor components sends the sensation of taste from the anterior portion of the tongue.

What muscle group does this nerve innervate?

Answer Choices:
1. Muscles of facial expression
2. Muscles of mastication
3. Muscles of phonation
4. Muscles of the pharynx

A
  1. Muscles of facial expression
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6
Q

Case:
The cord of a plexus is positioned medial to the second part of the axillary artery.

Question:
What roots are the origin of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. C5 to C7
2. C5 to C8
3. C5 to T1
4. C8 and T1

A
  1. C8 and T1
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7
Q

Case:
A nerve provides the motor innervation to all muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm.

Question:
What muscle does this nerve penetrate to enter the arm?

Answer Choices:
1. Biceps brachii
2. Brachialis
3. Coracobrachialis
4. Teres major

A
  1. Coracobrachialis
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8
Q

Case:
The roots and trunks of a plexus enter the posterior triangle of the neck between the anterior scalene and middle scalene.

Question:
What forms the middle trunk of this plexus?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior rami of C5 to C8 and T1
2. Continuation of the C7 root
3. Union of C5 and C6 roots
4. Union of C8 and T1 roots

A
  1. Continuation of the C7 root
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9
Q

Case:
A muscle in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna.

Question:
Where does it insert?

Answer Choices:
1. Bases of metacarpals II and III
2. Flexor retinaculum
3. Lateral surface of the radius
4. Pisiform bone of the wrist

A
  1. Lateral surface of the radius
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10
Q

Question:
A structure contains ossicles connected to the tympanic membrane. What serves as the primary connection?

Answer Choices:
1. Incus
2. Malleus
3. Stapes
4. Umbo

A
  1. Malleus
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11
Q

Case:
A muscle innervated by cranial nerve V originates from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts into the medial angle of the mandible.

Question:
What is a function of this muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Closes the jaw
2. Emphasizes vocal communication
3. Opens the jaw
4. Suckling (in neonates)

A
  1. Closes the jaw
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12
Q

Question:
What is one of the lower muscles of the lips and mouth?

Answer Choices:
1. Depressor anguli oris
2. Levator labii superioris
3. Risorius
4. Zygomaticus minor

A
  1. Depressor anguli oris
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13
Q

Question:
A fossa is composed of the occipital and temporal bones.

What does this structure contain?

Answer Choices:
1. Brainstem
2. Olfactory bulb
3. Orbital gyri
4. Pituitary gland

A
  1. Brainstem
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14
Q

Question:
Eight bones form the cranial portion of the skull.

Which of them contains lesser wings?

Answer Choices:
1. Ethmoid
2. Occipital
3. Temporal
4. Sphenoid

A
  1. Sphenoid
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15
Q

Case:
An intermuscular septum divides the arm into anterior and posterior compartments and extends to the outer sleeve of deep fascia surrounding the arm.

Question:
From what bone does this structure extend?

Answer Choices:
1. Acromion
2. Humerus
3. Radius
4. Ulna

A
  1. Humerus
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16
Q

Question:
The meningeal branch of cranial nerve V passes through the middle cranial fossa.

What provides passage of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Foramen lacerum
2. Foramen ovale
3. Foramen rotundum
4. Foramen spinosum

A
  1. Foramen spinosum
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17
Q

Case:
A structure communicates superiorly with the lateral wall of the axilla.

Question:
What does this structure communicate through inferiorly?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior compartment
2. Capitulum of the humerus
3. Cubital fossa
4. Trochlear notch of the ulna

A
  1. Cubital Fossa
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18
Q

Question:
A muscle innervated by the radial nerve enables extension of the forearm at the elbow joint. Where does the lateral head of this muscle originate?

Answer Choices:
1. Inferior to the radial groove of the humerus
2. Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
3. Posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus
4. Superior to the radial groove of the humerus

A
  1. Superior to the radial groove of the humerus
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19
Q

Question:
Emissary veins that drain the nasal cavity of blood pass through the anterior cranial fossa.

What provides passage of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Cribriform plate
2. Foramen cecum
3. Foramen lacerum
4. Superior orbital fissure

A
  1. Foramen lacerum
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20
Q

Case:
Flexion of the four digits involves the metacarpophalangeal joints and the distal interphalangeal joints.

Question:
What muscle facilitates this movement?

Answer Choices:
1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
2. Flexor digitorum profundus
3. Flexor digitorum superficialis
4. Flexor pollicis longus

A
  1. Flexor digitorum profundus
21
Q

Case:
A ball-and-socket joint with a large round humeral head and a shallow glenoid cavity is mobile and requires stabilization.

Question:
What component acts as a dynamic stabilizer?

Answer Choices:
1. Capsule
2. Glenohumeral ligaments
3. Labrum complex
4. Rotator cuff

A
  1. Rotator cuff
22
Q

Case:
A muscle in the deep layer of the anterior forearm originates from the anterior surfaces of the radius and interosseous membrane.

Question:
Where does it insert?

Answer Choices:
1. Carpal tunnel
2. Distal phalanx of digits 2 through 5
3. Flat surface of the radius
4. Palmar surface of the distal phalanx of the thumb

A
  1. Palmar surface of the distal phalanx of the thumb
23
Q

Case:
A muscle beneath the biceps brachii is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.

Question:
What movement does this structure enable?

Answer Choices:
1. Extension of the elbow
2. Flexion of the elbow
3. Pronation of the forearm
4. Supination of the forearm

A
  1. Flexion of the elbow
24
Q

Case:
A group of muscles in the superficial layer of the forearm enables flexion of the wrist and fingers and pronation of the hand.

Question:
Which of the muscles in the group is most medial?

Answer Choices:
1. Flexor carpi radialis
2. Flexor carpi ulnaris
3. Palmaris longus
4. Pronator teres

A
  1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
25
Q

Case:
The transition of the neck and the arm is formed by the clavicle, scapula, upper thoracic wall, and humerus with related muscles.

Question:
What exits this structure directly through the pectoralis minor muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Axillary vein
2. Intercostobrachial nerve
3. Lateral thoracic artery
4. Medial pectoral nerve

A
  1. Medial pectoral nerve
26
Q

Case:
A muscle overlies the anterolateral surface of the forearm, forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa, and is innervated by the radial nerve.

Question:
What is a role of this muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Abductor of the wrist
2. Extensor of the elbow
3. Extensor of the fingers
4. Flexor of the elbow

A
  1. Flexor of the elbow
27
Q

Question:
A fossa is composed of the sphenoid bone and the temporal bones.

What borders this structure laterally?

Answer Choices:
1. Chiasmatic groove
2. Crista galli
3. Dorsum sellae
4. Parietals

A
  1. Parietals
28
Q

Case:
Landmarks on the proximal end of the humerus are separated by an intertubercular sulcus.

Question:
In what direction does this groove continue?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior
2. Inferior
3. Posterior
4. Superior

A
  1. Inferior
29
Q

Case:
The muscle directly lateral to the palmaris longus in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm is innervated by the median nerve.

Question:
What is a function of this muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Abducts the wrist
2. Adducts the wrist
3. Opposes shredding forces on the skin
4. Rotates the radius over the ulna

A
  1. Abducts the wrist
30
Q

Case:
The largest cranial nerve contains three divisions that leave the skull through separate foramina; one exits through the superior orbital fissure.

Question:
Which nerve of this branch is the largest?

Answer Choices:
1. Frontal
2. Lacrimal
3. Maxillary
4. Nasociliary

A
  1. Frontal
31
Q

Case:
A muscle innervated by cranial nerve VII inserts into the skin around the margin of the orbit and the superior and inferior tarsal plates.

Question:
What is a function of this muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Closes the eyelids
2. Compresses the nostrils
3. Elevates the mandible
4. Operates the temporomandibular joint

A
  1. Closes the eyelids
32
Q

Question:
The middle-glossopharyngeal nerve passes through the posterior cranial fossa.

What provides passage of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Foramen magnum
2. Hypoglossal canal
3. Internal acoustic meatus
4. Jugular foramen

A
  1. Jugular foramen
33
Q

Question:
Bones of the skull are connected by synarthrosis.

Which of them runs between the parietal bones?

Answer Choices:
1. Coronal
2. Lambdoid
3. Sagittal
4. Squamosal

A
  1. Sagittal
34
Q

Case:
An artery originating from the axillary artery supplies the glenohumeral joint and the head of the humerus.

Question:
How many branches arise from the part of the axillary artery from which this structure originates?

Answer Choices
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 6

A
  1. 3
35
Q

Case:
A bone is held firmly in position by the muscles of the rotator cuff.

Question:
What does the head of this structure articulate with?

Answer Choices:
1. Acromial process of the scapula
2. Glenoid cavity of the scapula
3. Head of the humerus
4. Manubrium of the sternum

A
  1. Glenoid cavity of the scapula
36
Q

Case:
The part of the axillary artery that provides the thoracoacromial trunk and the lateral thoracic artery begins at the upper border of the pectoralis minor and ends at the lower border.

Question:
How is this part oriented in relation to the pectoralis minor?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior
2. Distal
3. Posterior
4. Proximal

A
  1. Posterior
37
Q

Question:
A purely afferent cranial nerve is responsible for hearing, balance, and body position. What can result from damage to this nerve?

Answer Choices:
1. Absence of gag reflex
2. Nystagmus
3. Parosmia
4. Temporary facial paralysis

A
  1. Nystagmus
38
Q

Question:
A structure consists of the pinna and the external acoustic meatus. What feature of this structure introduces delays that generate directional information?

Answer Choices:
1. Antitragus
2. Auricle
3. Concha
4. Tragus

A
  1. Auricle
39
Q

Question:
The largest cranial nerve contains three divisions that leave the skull through separate foramina; one exits through the foramen rotundum. Which nerve of this branch supplies the gingiva, posterior cheek, and nasal floor?

Answer Choices:
1. Infraorbital nerve
2. Posterior superior alveolar nerve
3. Sphenopalatine nerve
4. Zygomatic nerve

A
  1. Posterior superior alveolar nerve
40
Q

Question:
A structure contains the malleus, incus, and stapes. What is the general function of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Reflect incoming sound towards the eardrum
2. Translate mechanical waves into neuroelectrical signals
3. Transmit neuroelectrical signals to the brain
4. Transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval

A
  1. Transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval
41
Q

Question:
A patient presents with a disorder of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle. What action will they have difficulty performing?

Answer Choices:
1. Drainage of tears
2. Gentle eye closure
3. Lateral rotation of eyes
4. Movement of eyebrows

A
  1. Gentle eye closure
42
Q

Case:
A tendon arises from a muscle that laterally rotates the humerus and inserts on the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Question:
From what muscle does this tendon arise?

Answer Choices:
1. Infraspinatus
2. Subscapularis
3. Supraspinatus
4. Teres minor

A
  1. Teres minor
43
Q

Case:
A hinge joint with three separate articulations has a shared synovial cavity. One of the three articulations is involved in flexion and extension of the forearm.

Question:
What structure forms an articulation with the head of the radius to enable this movement?

Answer Choices:
1. Capitulum of the humerus
2. Radial notch of the ulna
3. Trochlear notch of the ulna
4. Trochlea of the humerus

A
  1. Capitulum of the humerus
44
Q

Question:
A cranial nerve is responsible for transmission of signals generated by photoreceptor cells in the retina.

What is a general function of this nerve?

Answer Choices:
1. Light reflex
2. Organ sensation
3. Outward eye movement
4. Phonation

A
  1. Light reflex
45
Q

Question:
A fossa is composed of the occipital and temporal bones.

What does this structure contain?

Answer Choices:
1. Foramen lacerum
2. Foramen magnum
3. Foramen ovale
4. Foramen rotundum

A
  1. Foramen magnum
46
Q

Case:
The cord of a plexus is positioned lateral to the second part of the axillary artery.

Question:
What nerve originates from this cord?

Answer Choices:
1. Axillary nerve
2. Musculocutaneous nerve
3. Radial nerve
4. Ulnar nerve

A
  1. Musculocutaneous nerve
47
Q

Question:
A purely efferent accessory nerve is divided into a cranial and spinal portion. What function is modulated by the spinal portion?

Answer Choices:
1. Clearing of saliva from the mouth
2. Elevation of the scapula
3. Gag reflex
4. Outward eye movement

A
  1. Elevation of the scapula
48
Q

Case:
An osteofibrous passageway leads from the wrist to the hand.

Question:
What lies in the proximal row of the osseous plane of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Capitate
2. Hamate
3. Scaphoid
4. Trapezium

A
  1. Scaphoid

PACAT (20 decks)

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