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PACAT > Pre-Matriculation Anatomy Part II Summative Exam > Flashcards

Pre-Matriculation Anatomy Part II Summative Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Question:
A tubular organ of the digestive system enables food to travel to the stomach.

What composes the mucosa of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Blood vessels
2. Columnar cells
3. Connective tissue
4. Stratified squamous cells

A
  1. Stratified squamous cells
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2
Q

Question
A double-layered sac in the middle mediastinum encloses the heart.

The oblique sinus of this structure is lateral to what landmark?

Answer Choices
1. Ascending aorta
2. Pulmonary trunk
3. Pulmonary veins
4. Superior vena cava

A
  1. Pulmonary veins
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3
Q

Question:
A pregnant patient reports muscle pain and demonstrates anterior trunk muscle weakness and excessive extension of the lumbar spine.

What condition is likely?

Answer Choices:
1. Hyperlordosis
2. Lordosis
3. Spinal stenosis
4. Spondylolisthesis

A
  1. Hyperlordosis
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4
Q

Question:
A compartment runs the length of the thoracic cavity and lies between the pleural sacs.

What region of this structure contains the ascending aorta?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior
2. Middle
3. Posterior
4. Superior

A
  1. Middle
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5
Q

Question:
Bundles of fibers transmit information to and away from the spinal cord.

Which of these structures provides contributions to major neural plexuses?

Answer Choices:
1. Intermediate branch of the dorsal ramus
2. Lateral branch of dorsal ramus
3. Medial branch of dorsal ramus
4. Ventral ramus

A
  1. Ventral ramus
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6
Q

Question:
The most dilated organ of the digestive system has the capacity to hold food.

Which portion of this structure is the largest?

Answer Choices:
1. Body
2. Cardia
3. Fundus
4. Pylorus

A
  1. Body
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7
Q

Question:
The largest lymphoid organ is suspended in the abdominal cavity.

Which component of this structure contains germinal centers?

Answer Choices:
1. Hilum
2. Marginal zone
3. Red pulp
4. White pulp

A
  1. White pulp
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8
Q

Question:
Bilateral tubes transport urine to the bladder.

To what do these structures pass inferiorly in females?

Answer Choices:
1. Common iliac arteries
2. Psoas muscle
3. Urinary bladder
4. Uterine arteries

A
  1. Uterine arteries
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9
Q

Question:
A portion of the alimentary canal absorbs water from indigestible contents.

Which segment of this structure begins in the area of the spleen?

Answer Choices:
1. Ascending colon
2. Descending colon
3. Sigmoid colon
4. Transverse colon

A
  1. Descending colon
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10
Q

Question:
A double-layered sac encloses the heart.

This structure is located in which region of the mediastinum?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior
2. Middle
3. Posterior
4. Superior

A
  1. Middle
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11
Q

Question:
An aorta bifurcates in the abdomen and produces the common iliac arteries.

What is directly superior to this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Abdominal aorta
2. Ascending aorta
3. Infrarenal aorta
4. Thoracic aorta

A
  1. Thoracic aorta
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12
Q

Question:
Bundles of fibers transmit information toward the spinal cord.

Which portion of these structures is composed of axons of sensory neurons?

Answer Choices:
1. Dorsal rami
2. Dorsal roots
3. Ventral rami
4. Ventral roots

A
  1. Dorsal roots
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13
Q

Question:
Fused vertebrae compose part of a posteriorly convex curvature.

These structures are from what region?

Answer Choices:
1. Cervical
2. Lumbar
3. Sacral
4. Thoracic

A
  1. Sacral
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14
Q

Question:
The conducting zone of the respiratory system ends when terminal bronchioles divide into respiratory bronchioles.

What does the next division produce?

Answer Choices:
1. Alveolar ducts
2. Alveolar sacs
3. Bronchi
4. Lobar bronchi

A
  1. Alveolar ducts
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15
Q

Question:
Five vertebrae compose a region of the vertebral column.

What aspect of these structures projects backward and is quadrilateral-shaped?

Answer Choices:
1. Foramen
2. Pedicle
3. Spinous process
4. Transverse process

A
  1. Spinous process
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16
Q

Question:
The reservoir for urine is subperitoneal and distensible.

Peritoneum extends from which part of this structure to the abdominal wall?

Answer Choices:
1. Apex
2. Body
3. Fundus
4. Neck

A
  1. Apex
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17
Q

Question:
Cartilaginous structures between adjacent vertebrae enable motion of the spine and protection from heavy loads. What component of these structures is composed of lamellae and comprises the outer portion of the discs?

Answer Choices:
1. Annulus fibrosus
2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
3. Ligamentum flavum
4. Nucleus pulposus

A
  1. Annulus fibrosus
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18
Q

Question:
A structure prevents reflux of food into airways.

What triggers the opening of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Backward movement of the larynx
2. Contraction of the thyropharyngeus
3. Relaxation of the cricopharyngeus
4. Relaxation of the of the hyoid muscles

A
  1. Relaxation of the cricopharyngeus
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19
Q

Question:
A muscular organ is a temporary reservoir for urine.

What orientation does the prostate display in relation to this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior
2. Inferior
3. Posterior
4. Superior

A
  1. Inferior
20
Q

Question:
A graduate student observes the typical difference between right and left lung size.

What accounts for the shorter length of the right?

Answer Choices:
1. Heart
2. Liver
3. Rib
4. Sternum

A
  1. Liver
21
Q

Question:
An organ of the digestive system is 3-5 meters long.

Which portion of this structure contains Peyer’s patches?

Answer Choices:
1. Cecum
2. Duodenum
3. Ileum
4. Jejunum

A
  1. Ileum
22
Q

Question:
A structure forms the central axis of bearing weight.

Joints and muscles in which region of this structure must coordinate for the functions of breathing and coughing?

Answer Choices:
1. Cervicothoracic
2. Craniocervical
3. Lumbosacral
4. Thoracolumbar

A
  1. Thoracolumbar
23
Q

Question:
A structure connects the stomach to the jejunum.

Which segment of this structure extends upward?

Answer Choices:
1. First
2. Second
3. Third
4. Fourth

A
  1. Fourth
24
Q

Question:
A system provides blood supply to the liver from the gastrointestinal organs.

Where does this system begin?

Answer Choices:
1. Capillaries
2. Sinusoids
3. Veins
4. Venules

A
  1. Capillaries
25
Q

Question:
A system drains the thoracic wall and upper lumbar region through the lumbar veins and posterior intercostal veins.

This system is located in which region of the mediastinum?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior
2. Middle
3. Posterior
4. Superior

A
  1. Posterior
26
Q

Question:
A structure is composed of water in a collagen matrix and provides suspension between vertebral bodies.

Herniation of this structure may result in pressure applied to what part of a spinal nerve?

Answer Choices:
1. Fila
2. Plexus
3. Rami
4. Root

A
  1. Root
27
Q

Question:
A structure composed of anterolateral and posterior regions protects the abdominal viscera.

Which muscle of this structure may be described as a “six-pack?”

Answer Choices:
1. External oblique
2. Internal oblique
3. Rectus abdominis
4. Transversus abdominis

A
  1. Rectus abdominis
28
Q

Question:
The most dilated organ of the digestive system has the capacity to hold food.

Which layer of this structure primarily contains gastric glands?

Answer Choices:
1. Mucosa
2. Muscularis
3. Serosa
4. Submucosa

A
  1. Mucosa
29
Q

Question:
Nervous tissue is protected from vertebrae by membrane-like coatings that cover the spinal cord.

Diagnostic lumbar puncture targets the space between which of these structures?

Answer Choices:
1. Arachnoid mater and pia mater
2. Dura mater and ligamentum flavum
3. Dura mater and arachnoid mater
4. Pia mater and spinal cord

A
  1. Arachnoid mater and pia mater
30
Q

Question:
The upper abdominal cavity and contents are supplied with blood by an aorta.

Which paired visceral branching of this structure travels outside of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer Choices:
1. Middle suprarenal arteries
2. Ovarian arteries
3. Renal arteries
4. Testicular arteries

A
  1. Testicular arteries
31
Q

Question:
Two atria are superior to two ventricles.

Which of these characteristically contains the thickest and more prominent bundles of pectinate muscles?

Answer Choices:
1. Left atrium
2. Left ventricle
3. Right atrium
4. Right ventricle

A
  1. Right atrium
32
Q

Question:
A double-layered sac in the middle mediastinum encloses the heart.

What is one of the functions of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Influence pressure of cardiac chambers
2. Modify coagulation
3. Modulate inflammation
4. Supply blood to the left ventricle

A
  1. Influence pressure of cardiac chambers
33
Q

Question:
A compartment runs the length of the thoracic cavity and lies between the pleural sacs.

Which region of this structure is bordered by the bodies of the 5th to 12th thoracic vertebrae posteriorly?

Answer Choices:
1. Anterior
2. Middle
3. Posterior
4. Superior

A
  1. Posterior
34
Q

Question:
A double-layered sac in the middle mediastinum encloses the heart.

What is one of the functions of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Deliver blood to the right atrium
2. Distribute blood to the lungs
3. Prevent electrical conduction between the atrial and ventricular muscles
4. Reduce friction between the heart surrounding structures

A
  1. Reduce friction between the heart surrounding structures
35
Q

Question:
A structure is composed of anterolateral and posterior regions, and it functions to protect the abdominal viscera.

Which layer of this structure is most superficial?

Answer Choices:
1. Aponeuroses
2. Camper’s fascia
3. Parietal peritoneum
4. Scarper’s fascia

A
  1. Camper’s fascia
36
Q

Question:
Venous drainage of the gastrointestinal organs convenes at the portal vein.

Which vein of this system shuttles nutrients and toxins from the foregut to the liver?

Answer Choices:
1. Hepatic vein
2. Inferior mesenteric vein
3. Splenic vein
4. Superior mesenteric vein

A
  1. Splenic vein
37
Q

Question:
The thoracic musculature works in unison to support respiration.

Which part of this group raises the lateral part of the ribs during inspiration?

Answer Choices:
1. External intercostal
2. Internal intercostal
3. Serratus anterior
4. Serratus posterior

A
  1. External intercostal
37
Q

Question:
Structures protecting the spinal cord form foramina between discrete bodies, arches, and pedicles. What region is composed of the largest of these structures?

Answer Choices:
1. Cervical
2. Lumbar
3. Sacral
4. Thoracic

A
  1. Lumbar
38
Q

Question:
Defined surfaces of the heart are organized into layers.

Which layer is the external surface of the heart?

Answer Choices:
1. Endocardium
2. Epicardium
3. Myocardium
4. Pericardium

A
  1. Epicardium
39
Q

Question:
A double-layered sac in the middle mediastinum encloses the heart.

Which part of this structure directly contacts the epicardium?

Answer Choices:
1. Fibrous layer
2. Parietal pleura
3. Serous layer
4. Visceral pleura

A
  1. Serous layer
40
Q

Question:
The thoracic musculature works in unison to support respiration.

In what direction does the intermediate layer insert onto the rib below?

Answer Choices:
1. Inferior
2. Inferior and medial
3. Superior
4. Superior and medial

A
  1. Superior and medial
41
Q

Question:
An alkaline solution of water, bile salts, bile pigments, phospholipids, electrolytes, cholesterol, and triglycerides is secreted to aid in digestion.

Which component of the solution is most crucial to emulsification?

Answer Choices:
1. Bile pigments
2. Bile salts
3. Cholesterol
4. Electrolytes

A
  1. Bile salts
42
Q

Question:
The upper abdominal cavity and contents are supplied with blood by an aorta.

Which major branch of this structure divides into the artery that travels anteriorly to the medial border of the psoas muscle?

Answer Choices:
1. Celiac trunk
2. Common iliac arteries
3. Inferior mesenteric artery
4. Superior mesenteric artery

A
  1. Common iliac arteries
43
Q

Question:
An organ of the digestive system is 3-5 meters long.

What provides blood to the most proximal portion of this structure?

Answer Choices:
1. Ileocolic artery
2. Inferior mesenteric artery
3. Superior mesenteric artery
4. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

A
  1. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
44
Q

Question:
An alkaline solution of water, bile salts, bile pigments, phospholipids, electrolytes, cholesterol, and triglycerides is secreted to aid in digestion.

What structure collects this solution at the cellular level?

Answer Choices:
1. Canaliculi
2. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
3. Interlobular duct
4. Intralobular duct

A
  1. Canaliculi

PACAT (20 decks)

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