Practicle III Flashcards
Identify receptor types
A. Tactile receptors/ corpuscles
B. Errector Pilli (sympathetic efferent)
C. Hair folicle receptor
D. Laminar corpuscle
E. Sweat gland (sympathetic efferent)
F. Thermoreceptor
What is this?
What structures do you see?
Motor neuron
1. Dendrites
2. Soma
3. Axon
What are these structures?
A. Axon terminal
B. Nucleus
C. Axon hillock
D. Synapse
E. Rough ER
F. Dendrite
G. Golgi
Name the structures labeled
A. Nucleus of Schwan cell
B. Myelin
C. Axon
D. Myelin sheeth
E. Endoneurium
What is this and the structures labeled?
High or low power?
Spinal Cord at low power
A. White matter
B. Grey Matter
C. Greater wing
What is this?
High or low power?
Motor neuron in a spinal cord at high power
What is this?
High or low power?
Nuron under high power
What is this?
What structures capsulate?
High or low power?
Neuron cross section at low power
Endoneurium wraps individual neurons into an insulating sheet
Perineurium wraps the neurons into fascicles
Name + Function
Astrocytes
Type of glial cell that:
- forms the brain blood barrier
- regulates the environment in the brain (CNS)
- braces neurons
- regulation metabolism of neurons in the brain
Name + Function
Ependymal cells (type of glial cells)
- found in ventricles of the brain
- makes cerebral spinal fluid
Name + Function
Oligodendrocyte (type of glial cell)
wraps cells in the brain and spine (CNS) with myelin
Name + Function
Satalite cells
Wraps cells in nerves (PNS) with myelin
Name + Function
Schwan cells (type of glial cells)
- surrounds cell bodies in ganglia (PNS)
- regulates chemical environment
- protects cells
When stimulating a muscle one time, what do you call this type of contraction?
Twitch
What happens to the force generated when stimulating a muscle twice in a row?
The total force generated will increase.
Temporal Sumation
2 contractions close to each other = get a stronger contraction, one starts before ends + add up together
What effect does increasing the frequency of sumations have on the strength of contraction?
The contractions get bigger + bigger
What effect does additional stimulations have after reaching the maximum force?
The force generated eventually caps out
Fused Tetanus
= Contraction close enough together that get some increase in strength
Can reach maximum strength for muscle fiber
When it reaches max, it can’t get stronger
At what length does a muscle achieve maximum force?
75mm
Why is a shorter muscle length weaker?
The actin fillaments bump into each other at the M-line so they can’t generate as much force.
Why is a muscle length longer than 75mm weaker?
Not all the myosin heads can overlap with the actin fillaments
Axon Diameter
How big around an axon is, + diameter
bigger diameter = faster signalling
Myelin
Plasma membrane wrapped around the axon that insulates and stops ions from leaking across the membrane