Bone Tissue

Question 1

Attributes of Bone

Answer 1

Makes up the hard parts of the skeleton with hard ECM to provide structure to the body, anchor skeletal muscles,
protect the CNS, heart, + lungs.
This connective tissue also devevlops blood, stores calcium in the ECM + triglycerides in adipose.

Question 2

Primary components of the ECM in bone

Answer 2

Collagen
Calcium Phosphate

Question 3

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 3

Stem cells that produce new osteoblasts
They live between periosteum and bone.

osteoblasts: Cells that make bone’s ECM

Question 4

Osteoblasts

Answer 4

Cells that make bone’s ECM - type of fibroblast

Question 5

Osteocytes

Answer 5

Mature osteoblast cells that have moved to the mature part of the bone to maintain the ECM.

Question 6

Osteoclasts

Answer 6

Specialized cell that breaks down bone ECM. Unrelated to the other types of bone cells because they’re white blood cells (macrophage)

Question 7

Compact bone

Solid bone

What, where, components

Answer 7

Located on the outside of bones without any visible holes.
Components:
* Osteons
* Lamellae → Lacunae → Osteocytes + Canaliculi
* Central Canal
* Perforating canals

Question 8

Osteons

Answer 8

Circles of tissue in compact bone with a large channel running up the middle and along the axis of long bones.
They act as pillars for baring the weight of the bone.
Lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, + canaliculi are found in these circles.

Question 9

Lamellae

Answer 9

Visible concentric circles of ECM around the central canal.

Question 10

Lacunae

Answer 10

Small holes in the spaces between the lamellae
Osteocytes live here to maintain the bone and touch little extensions though the canaliculi.

Question 11

Canaliculi

Answer 11

Tiny canals touching eachother in bone ECM that connects lucanae to each other + to the central canal.
Gasses and nutrients are exchanged through these extensions.

Question 12

Central Canal

Answer 12

Hole running through the middle of osteon containing blood vessels, lymph vessels + nerves.

Question 13

Perforating canals

Answer 13

Channels that run perpendicular to osteon and carry blood between the central canals and blood outside the compact bone.

Question 14

Spongy bone

What, where, components

Answer 14

Recognized by large visible holes giving it the appearance of a sponge. Located inside of bone.
Components:
* Bone marrow
* Trabeculae
* Lacuna
* Canaliculi + osteocytes
No central canal or osteons

Question 15

Trabeculae

Answer 15

The hard web-looking part of spongy bone.
The different angles + multiple directions provide support to the bone.
Lacuna, canaliculi + osteocytes also live here.

Question 16

Yellow marrow

Answer 16

Composed of adipose tissue storing triglycerides.

Question 17

Red marrow

Answer 17

Blood cells (red + white) development site.

Question 18

Long bone structure

Answer 18

• 2 Epiphysis
• Articular cartilage
• Diaphyis

Question 19

Epiphysis

Answer 19

Long bone head with a proximal + distal end
Made of thin compact bone around the outside + has spongy bone with red bone marrow inside.

Question 20

Articular cartilage

Answer 20

Located on either end of long bones.
It’s composed of hyaline cartilage that forms the base of joints with other bones.

Question 21

Diaphyis

Answer 21

Also known as the long shaft of long bone
Composed of compact bone around the outside, Spongy bone only at the ends, and a medullary cavity filled with yellow bone marrow.

Question 22

Medullary cavity

Answer 22

The empty space in diaphyis filled with yellow bone marrow.

Question 23

Flat, irregular, + short bones structure similarities

Answer 23

Compact bone is around the outside
Mostly filled with spongy bone on the inside
Hyaline cartilage where joints will be connected.

Question 24

Periosteum

Answer 24

Membrane of dense irregular connective tissue that lines the outer surface of all bones. Blood vessels + sensory neurons cen be found in this membrane.

Question 25

Endostium

Answer 25

Membrane of dense irregular connective tissue that line the inside of bone, trabeculae in spongy bone + inside of the medullar cavity.