Connective Tissue Flashcards

Components + Types

1
Q

Connective Tissue

Definition, traits, types

A

Tissue with blood vessels that hold other tissues together.
They have lots of extracellular material (ECM) (non-cellular material) between cells and don’t touch.
The blood vessels transport nutrients, waste and O2 for cells in the connective tissue + other nearby tissues
White blood cells around found in blood to fight pathogens.

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2
Q

Extracellular Matrix
(ECM)

A

Proteins and polysarccarides that provide structure to tissues and organs, give organs their shapes, determine the properties of tissue, and connects cells in the connective tissue and other types of cells.

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3
Q

Components of ECM

A
  • Protein Fibers
  • Collagen
  • Ground substance
  • Intersticial fluid
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4
Q

Protein Fibers

A

Long strings of proteins making a long chain to provide structural support to cells. They branch and interconnect to form large networks.

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5
Q

Collagen

A

The most common protein in ECM and in the body with strong fibers and resist stretching.

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6
Q

Reticular fibers

A

A type of collagen that creates a mesh-like network that gives many organs their shape. They’re found at the borders between connective tissues.

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7
Q

Elastin

A

A type of protein fiber that stretches, making tissue elastic.

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8
Q

Ground Substance

A

A gel like substance that’s composed of everything in the extracellular matrix except the fibers.
The substance holds fibers, polysaccharides, and water.

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9
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Proteins with big polysaccharides attached that make up most of ground substance.
The more proteoglycans, the more gel like the ground substance.

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10
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

The fluid cells sit in that’s composed of water with ions, gasses (diffused through blood), and organic molecules (mostly waste) moving through the extracellular matrix.

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11
Q

Connective tissue cells

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Fibrocyte
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12
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Connective tissue cells that produce fibers and ground substance. Different types produce different fibers to produce an ECM with different properties.

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13
Q

Fibrocyte

A

Mature fibroblasts that no longer make new ECM, they help maintain the ECM of connective tissue.

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14
Q

Connective tissue types

A

Areolar Connective Tissue: Irregular + Loose
Dense Regular Connective Tissue: Tendons, Ligaments, + Aponeurosis
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Adipose Tissue: White adipose tissue (WAT) + Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT)
Bone
Collagen: Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
Blood: Blood plasma, red + white blood cells

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15
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

Classified by its loose irregular fibers connective tissue.
Can be found under almost all epithelia in the body holding other tissues in place.
Loose refers to there being lots of interstitial fluid - allowing for substances to diffuse easily and its very gelatinous gel substance.

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16
Q

Dense Regular
Connective Tissue

A

Dense = Fibers tightly packed
Regular = All fibers going the same direction
Composed of collagen fibers - allowing it to stretch a little bit because of the fibers directional uniformity

ex: Tendons, Ligaments, Aponeurosis

17
Q

Tendons

A

Collagen strings attaching bones to muscles.

18
Q

Ligaments

A

Collagen strings that attach bone to bone.

19
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Collagen fibers organized into a flat sheet-like tendon or ligament.

20
Q

Dense Irregular
Connective Tissue

A

Dense = Fibers tightly packed
Irregular = Fibers going the different directions
Dense collagen fibers that have little to no stretch.

ex: Under skin, In joint capsules, Fibrous sheaths around organs (Kidneys, bones, mucles, nerves)

21
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Adopocytes grouped together under skin and around organs.

22
Q

White Adipose Tissue
(WAT)

A

The most common type of adipose tissue that’s responsible for storing fat for energy, cushioning, and insulation.
This tissue is controlled by the nervous system releasing hormones.

23
Q

Brown Adipose Tissue
(BAT)

A

Adipose tissue that is primarily used to generate heat by running metabolism.

24
Q

Blood

A

Connective tissue pumped by the heart to be circulated through the body via blood vessels (acting like a highway) to transport cells and nutrients.

25
Q

Components of blood

A
  • Blood plasma = fluid of blood
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells