Practice test 1

Question 1

Which of the following is false regarding all types of viruses?

A. they all have either RNA or DNA
B. they all have a coat of capsid proteins surrounding their nucleic acid
C. they all require a host in order to form new viral particles
D. while outside of the host cell, all viruses can replicate their DNA or RNA
E. non are false

Answer 1

D while outside of the host cell, all viruses can replicate their DNA or RNA

Question 2

During its taxonomic history, algae would have been in what groups?

A. animals and fungi
B. plants and protista
C. plants and fungi
D. protista and monera
E. plants and Monera

Answer 2

B plants and protsita

Question 3

Which of the following is not a possible chemical component of a bacterial cell wall (ig. peptidoglycan)?

A. N- acetylglucosamine
B. N-acetylmuramic acid
C. peptide cross-links
D. amino acids
E. all are possible components of a bacterial cell wall

Answer 3

E. all are possible components of a bacterial cell wall

Question 4

what would be the best way to determine if a bacteria was aerobic?

A. determine the chemical nature of the electron source
B. examine the components making up the electron transport system
C. determine the chemical nature of the terminal acceptor
D. determine whether or not protons are pumped out

Answer 4

C. determine the chemical nature of the terminal acceptor

Question 5

All of the following criteria are used to classify viruses according to the international committee on taxonomy of viruses except.

A. genome composition
B. size of the virus particle
C. envelope
D. capsid symmetry
E. the types of sugars it can oxidize to CO2 and water

Answer 5

E the types of sugars it can oxidize to CO2 and water

Question 6

which scientist, or pair of scientists, is incorrectly matched with their particular contribution to microbiology?

A. winogradski and biejerink: soil microbiology and discovery of lithotrophy
B. robert hooke and antonie can Leeuwenhoek: first microscope
C. ignaz semmelweis and joseph lister: use of disinfectants and antisepics
D. louis pastuer: germ theory of fermentation
E. all are matched correctly

Answer 6

E all are matched correctly

Question 7

Which of the following is not correct regarding cell wall types?

A. lipoproteins are attached to gram negative
B. teichoic acids are found in gram positive
C. lipopolysaccharide layer in gram negative
D. two membranes in gram negative
E. all are correct

Answer 7

E all are correct

Question 8

all of the following are true regarding fimbriae, pili, and flagella except.

A. fimbriae and pili are generally used for attachment
B. specialized are pili are used for DNA transfer between bacterial cells
C. bacterial chemotaxis occurs by the changing frequency of runs to tumbles
D. flagellar motion in a bacterium occurs in a rotary fashion, unlike a eukaryotic flagellum
E. the pili of some bacterial species can be used for either gliding or twitching type of motility
F. there are no exceptions; A-E are all true

Answer 8

C. bacterial chemotaxis occurs by the changing frequency of runs to tumbles

Question 9

Analysis of an aquatic sample of unknow origin reveals there are microscopic, unicellular organisms possessing a size dimension of 2 micrometer x 5 micrometer; election microscopy reveals they lack a nucleus. Of the choices given below, you can reasonably certain that these are some type of:

A. archea
B. algal
C. fungal
D. bacterial
E. virus
F. two of the above

Answer 9

F two of the above

Question 10

which is applicable to fermentation

A. they use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
B. they utilize an electron transport system
C. carbon dioxide and water are the sole end products of fermentation
D. NADH formed from glucose catabolism is oxidized by fermentation reactions
E. all are applicable to fermentation

Answer 10

E all are applicable to fermentation

Question 11

which of the following specialized structures or inclusions is not correctly paired?

A. metachromatic granules: storage polymers of inorganic phosphate
B. lipid inclusions: contain poly-hydroxybutyrate
C. Magnetosomes: cells that have these can orient themselves directionally
D. carboxysomes: found in bacteria that utilize carbon dioxide
E. all are correctly paired

Answer 11

E all are correctly paired

Question 12

which of the following is not necessary to establish that a certain bacterium causes a disease?

A. obtain a pure culture of the bacterium from an infected animal
B. inject a healthy animal with a pure culture of the suspected bacterium
C. show the same bacterium is isolated from infected animals
D. all of the above

Answer 12

D all of the above

Question 13

Food sources for catabolism become ____; the _____ from some of these reactions are captured and the energy of these is ultimately used to ____.

A. reduced; electrons; form ATPs
B. oxidized; carbon; hydrolyze ATPs
C. oxidized; electrons; form ATPs
D. phosphorylated; heat; form organic compounds
E. oxidized; electrons; hydrolyze ATPs

Answer 13

c oxidized; electrons; form ATPs

Question 14

which group of microorganisms includes many that grow in extreme environments on Earth?

A. algae
B. bacteria
C. protists
D. archaea
E. fungi

Answer 14

D archaea

Question 15

which of the following statements would the proponent of spontaneous generation not think is true?

A. nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms
B. the development of life forms from pre-existing life forms
C. a vital force is necessary for life
D. air is necessary for living organism
E. microorganism can be generated from non-living matter.

Answer 15

b the development of life forms from pre existing life forms

Question 16

the ancestors of modern-day cyanobacteria were significant in the history of life on earth because they

A. were the first life forms to evolve on earth
B. introduced oxygen into earths atmosphere
C. were the first eukaryotic cells to evolve on earth
D. none of the above

Answer 16

B. introduced oxygen into earths atmosphere

Question 17

oxidative phosphrylation:

A. can operate in the absence of oxygen
B. is a metabolic mechanism to form ATP
C. is associated with cellular respiration
D. is not associated with fermentation
E. A-D are all applicable to oxidative phosphorylation
F. only two of A-D are application to oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 17

E. A-D are all applicable to oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

bacteria of the genus mycoplasma are all characterized

A. by the complete lack of a cell wall
B. as all being gram negative
C. as all being gram positive
D. as having mycolic acids in their cell wall

Answer 18

A by the complete lack of a cell wall

Question 19

which term among A-D is not correctly matched with its definition?

A. capsule: can be a virulence factor of some bacteria
B. polysome or polyribosome: multiple ribosomes binding to a messenger RNA transcript
C. replisome: tow of these complexes working in opposite directions are needed to copy the bacterial chromosome
D. nucleoid: membrane bound area internal to the cytoplasmic membrane that contains the bacterial chromosome
E. A-D are all correctly matched

Answer 19

D. nucleoid: membrane bound area internal to the cytoplasmic membrane that contains the bacterial chromosome

Question 20

which statement among A-D is false regarding photoheterotrophs?

A. they can convert sunlight to chemical energy in the form of ATPs
B. they are unlike other phototrophs in that they cannot fix carbon dioxide
C. they must obtain their carbon from organic compounds
D. photoheterotrohphy is a type of catabolism
E. none of A-D is false

Answer 20

B they are unlike other phototrophs in that they cannot fix carbon dioxide

Question 21

which is true regarding the TCA cycle(Krebs cycle)?

A. pyruvate is an end product of the cycle
B. energy capture in the cycle is solely from the formation of atp in one of the steps
C. entry of carbon dioxide starts at the cycle
D. components of the cycle are used as building block for certain anabolic pathways
E. two of the above are correct

Answer 21

D. components of the cycle are used as building block for certain anabolic pathways

Question 22

In comparing bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes:

A. the members of two of these three groups comprise cells that lack a nuclear membrane
B. archaea and eukaryotes share some similarities in the components of gene expression
C. having diverse types of metabolism is a feature of the members of archaea and bacteria
D. a cytoplasmic membrane is a feature shared by all the cells in these three groups
E. being diploid is a feature of the members of archaea and eukaryotes
F. A-E are all true
G. one of A-E is false
H. two of A-E is false

Answer 22

G. one of A-E is false

Question 23

which is true regarding the Enter-Douderoff pathways, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathways, and the Pentose Phosphate shunt?

A. EMP pathway: completely oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide and water
B. PPS: primary purpose is to supply building blocks for anabolic pathways
C. ED pathway: fermentative pathway producing different organic acids and alcohols
D. EMP pathway: sugars acids like 6-phosphoglucoante are intermediates in the pathway
E. PPS: pyruvate is the primary end product of the pathway

Answer 23

C. ED pathway: fermentative pathway producing different organic acids and alcohols

Question 24

which among A-D is false concerning viruses?

A. RNA viruses can differ in terms of their structure, function, and mode of replication
B. host range refers to how many different species a virus might infect
C. some viruses can infect
D. infectivity of a virus to its host depends largely on recognizing specific cell surface molecules on the host cell
E. none of A-D is false; they are all true

Answer 24

E none of A-D is false

Question 25

which of the following statements regarding the glycolysis pathway is false?

A. two pyruvate molecules are generated
B. ATP molecules are generated via substrate lvl phosphorylation
C. it doesn’t require oxygen to operate
D. ATPs are used in the beginning of glycolysis
E. some of the glucose is oxidized to co2 during glycolysis
F. none of the above is false

Answer 25

E. some of the glucose is oxidized to co2 during glyclysis

Question 26

which of the following is applicable to an attenuated virus or bacterium?

A. they are more powerful pathogenic forms of the virus or bacterium
B. they are form that can be used as vaccines to protect against certain diseases
C, they are types of antibiotics
D. none of the above are applicable to an attenuated virus or bacteirum

Answer 26

B. they are forms that can be used as vaccines to protect against certain diseases

Question 27

which statement among A-D is false?

A. active transport processes allow a bacterium to maintain an ion gradient
B. membrane perment acids and bases can act as growth inhibitory agents towards bacteria
C. transport via group translocation results in modification of the incoming solute.
D. bacteria ten to maintain their interior slightly hypertonic relative to the external envirmnet
E. none of A-D is false

Answer 27

E none is false