chap 12 Flashcards
fungi characteristics
- chemoheterotrophs
- absorb nutrients
- decompose organic matter
- aerobic or facultatively anaerobic
- sexual and asexual reproduction
- plants and fungi have symbiotic relation
how do fungi compare to bacteria
- fungi grow in more acidic environments
- fungi more resistant to osmotic pressure
- fungi can grow in little water content
what are the types of hyphae
vegetative hyphae - for nutrient uptake, metabolism and growth
aerial hyphae - for reproduction; forms spores for reproduction
where is hyphae located and what are they
- on molds and fleshy fungi
- they are branching filament that make up mycelium(root like structure) of fungus
how does fungi reproduce sexually
have gamete formation and then sexual spore formation
how do fungi reproduce asexually
- fragmentation of hyphae
- form asexual spore –> conidiospores(not enclosed) or sporangiospores(enclosed in sac)
yeasts
- nonfilamentous, unicelluar fungi
- reproduce through budding yeats and fission yeasts
- faculative anaerobes
dimorphic fungi
-2 types of growth
- grow mold or yeast(depends on temperature)
- feature of many pathogenic fungi
type of fungal diseases
mycoses - general category for
3 types
- systemic - body system infection(body wide)
- cutaneous - extension of skin(skin , hair, nails)
- subcutaneous - under the skin(subq layer of skin)
lichens
- type of fungi
- mutualistic relationship with algae/cyanobacteria
- get carb fr algae, algae get attach and protec - first form of life to inhabit new exposed soil and rock
- where grow = good air quality, food source for animal and produce antimicrobial
how do lichens grow
- thallus(body) grow w hyphae and around algae cells(forming medulla)
- rhizines = part or lichen grow below body to anchor
- cortex = grow to protect hyphae by cover/surround
algae
- eukaryotic photoautotroph
- reproduce asexually and sexually
- multicellular
- unicellular = dinoflagellates; diatoms
does algae cause diseases
not infectious, disease is from ingestion of toxins
- neurotoxin of dinoflagellates: red tide(saxitoxin) cause paralytic shellfish poisoning
- ciguatera = foodborne illness ;in fish containing toxin
- diatoms: domoic acid toxicosis
Eutrophication
- removal of oxygen from water by add organic matter
- triggered by run off of excess nutrients into bodies of water
- excess dense growth of algae fr lot of N + P
- dense grow no sustain so die make organic matter
for heterotrophic bacteria - heteroptroph use O2 as eat algae so fish die
- leads to formation of red tide
protozoan
- unicellular, mostly aerobic, heterotroph(some anarobic and few photosynthetic)
- reproduce asexually via
fission/budding/schizogony(nuclei divide in cell) - can produce cysts under stress
