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micro > chap 5 > Flashcards

chap 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a catabolic reaction and what does it use/produce?

A
  • exergonic
  • energy releasing
  • uses glucose to make atp
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2
Q

what is an anabolic reaction and what does it use/produce?

A
  • endergonic
  • energy consuming(atp)
  • larger complex molecules (protein)
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3
Q

atp formation

A
  • uses energy from catabolism
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4
Q

atp hydrolysis

A
  • breakdown of atp
  • break atp to use energy for anabolic reaction
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5
Q

what carries electrons throughout catabolic and anabolic rxns?

A

Hydrogen ions in NAD/NADH and FAD/FADH

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6
Q

oxidation

A

loss of electrons

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7
Q

reduction

A

gain of electrons

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8
Q

substrate level phosphorylation

A
  • most simple level
  • just add a phosphate group to adp to make atp
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9
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

-requires electron transport chain
- use of proton gradient

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10
Q

photo-phosphorylation

A
  • requires electron transport
  • uses the proton gradient
  • uses light
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11
Q

respiration

A

-uses electron transfer chain and terminal electron transfer
- can be aerobic(o2 acceptor) or anaerobic(NO3- acceptor)

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12
Q

fermentation

A

-anaerobic
- incomplete oxidation of carbohydrate
- no electron acceptor so oxidize NADH to small organics acids and alcohol

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13
Q

stages of respiration

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. acetyl-coa formation
  3. krebs cycle
  4. electron transport chain
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14
Q

Glycolysis(emden-meyerhof pathway)

A

-oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid
- atp via substrate lvl phosphorylation
- net gain : 2 atp, 2 nadh, 2 pyruvate

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15
Q

entner - doudoroff pathway

A

sugar acids catabolism pathway
in gram negative

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16
Q

pentose phosphate shunt

A

produce pentose sugars for production of aromatic amino acids, nucleotide, and pyruvate

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17
Q

Acetyl CoA Formation

A
  • pyruvate oxidation to acetyl - CoA
  • 1 nadh formed
18
Q

Krebs Cycle

A
  • glucose oxidized to final
  • gain 3 NADH/1 FADH2/1 ATP per acetyl CoA
  • gain 6 NADH/ 2 FADH2/ 2 ATP per glucose
19
Q

electron transport chain

A
  • electrons gained from glucose contain in NADH and FADH2
  • atp synthesis via chemiosmosis( form of oxidative phosphorylation)
  • proton gradient( uses energy from proton gradient to make atp)
  • 1 NADH -> 3ATP and 2 FADH2 -> 2 ATP
20
Q

election transfer chain molecules

A

flavoproteins, cytochromes(heme containing protiens), ubiquinones

21
Q

how much atp does oxidative phosphorylation produce in cellular respiration and what is oxidized?

A

NADH and FADH2 oxidized
34 ATP made

22
Q

how much atp is produced from substrate level phosphorylation?

A

4 ATP

23
Q

anaerobic respiration

A
  • final electron acceptor is an inorganic substance(nitrate and sulfate most common)
  • less energy yield than aerobic respriation
24
Q

-autotroph

A

grow on CO2

25
Q

-heterotroph

A

use complex carbon

26
Q

what forms lactic acid?

A

streptococcus, lactobacillus

27
Q

what causes alcohol fermentation?

A

yeast and many bacteria

28
Q

what can be used for metabolism other than carbohydrates?

A

proteins and fats

29
Q

what organisms use oxygenic photosynthesis?

A

cyanobacteria, algae, and plants

30
Q

anoxygenic photosynthesis

A
  • used by purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria
    6CO2 + 12 H2S + Light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 12S
31
Q

autotrophs

A

organisms convert light into chemical energy; and covert CO2 to organic compounds

32
Q

light dependant reactions

A
  • pt1 of photosynthesis
    light, H2O -> O2 + Energy or Light H2S -> S + energy
33
Q

light-independent reactions

A
  • pt2 of photosynthesis
    CO2 + energy -> complex organic molecules
34
Q

what light absorbing pigment does oxygenic vs anoxygenic use?

A

oxygenic - chlorophyll
anoxygenic - bacteriochlorophylls

35
Q

Photosystem 2

A
  • Light stimulates everything
  • H2O loses e- and becomes a strong oxidizing agent and kicks off the electron transport chain
36
Q

Photosystem 1

A
  • excited electrons produce NADPH
  • no proton gradient
37
Q

What is the electron flow in oxygenic photosynthesis?

A

H2O -> PS2 -> PS1 -> NADP+

38
Q

green sulfur bacteria photosynthesis

A
  • only use PS1
  • use sulfur compounds, H2, as electron donors
  • autotrophic
39
Q

purple non-sulfur bacteria photosynthesis

A
  • use only PS2 and cyclic photophosphorylation
  • are photoheterotrophs
40
Q

Calvin-Benson cycle

A
  • converts CO2 into sugars
  • no need direct light
  • has ribulose(rubisco, CO2 fixing enzyme)
  • key intermediate: glyceraldehyde-2-P
  • requires a lot of energy(ATP/NADPH)

micro (18 decks)

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