disease list Flashcards
yersinia pestis
- causes plague
bubonic plague - first bite of flea and org move to
lymph
septicemic plague - then org move blood stream
pneumonic plague - last highly infectious, spread by
airborne drop - has lots virulence fact inhibit phagocytosis
upper respiratory infection
- streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat and scarlet fever)
- corynebacterium diphtheria (diphtheria)
streptococcus pyogenes
- streptococci morphology
- gram positive
strep throat(streptococcal pharyngitis)
- resistant to phagocytosis; streptokinases lyse
clot; streptolysins = cytotoxic
scarlet fever
- erythrogenic toxin prod by lysogenized S.
pyogenes
- pink - red rash and fever
corynebacterium diphtheria
- aerobic
- gram pos rod
- pleomorphic morphology
diphtheria
- sore throat and fever; spread = droplet
- form pseudomembrane (tough gray membrane),
restrict air flow
- produce toxin to interfere w protein synthesis
- DTaP vaccine
lower respiratory tract infection
- streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia)
- legionella pneumophila (legionnaires disease)
- bordetella pertussis (whooping cough/pertussis)
bordetella pertussis
- aerobic
- gram neg, coccobacillus
- virulence factor = capsule and toxin
Pertussis(whooping cough)
- inhibit ciliated cells in trachea and kill w/ tracheal cytotoxin
- pertussis toxin = enter blood = sym of dis
catarrhal stage - like common cold
paroxysmal stage - violent coughing; gasping for
air; 1-6 weeks
convalescence stage - months
-tdap
streptococcus pneumonia
- streptococcus morphology
- gram pos, alpha hemolytic
- virulence factor = capsule prevent phagocytosis
pneumonia
- disease not specific infection(caused by many)
- typical secondary infection
- spread airborne droplet
- fluid build up in aveolar and bronci
- can spread to bloodstream and brain(meningitis)
legionella pneumophila
- gram neg, no capsule, aerobic bacillus w one
flagellum
legionnaire’s disease - form atypical pneumonia(2-9%)
- found fresh water; facultative intracellul-ar
parasite(use amoebae in envirn)
- invade and rep via inasins
- human infection = inhalation of aerosols fr
cooling towers, ac and hot tubs
- cough, short breath, high fever, muscle pain, headache, nausea and vomit
- 10% die
digestive system infection
- streptococcus mutans (plaque)
streptococcus mutans
- gram pos, alpha hemolytic
- primary agent in dental caries
- metabolize diff types of sugars; tolerate acidity;
synthesize dextran - biofilm and plaque formation
GI tract infections
- rotaviruses (dehydration)
- shigella dysenteriae (enterotoxin prod)
- e. coli (shinga toxin viz phage)
- salmonella enterica ( non - toxin prod)
- staphylococcus aureus ( enterotoxin )
- giardia lamblia (diarrhea)
treatment = rehydration therapy(electrolytes/water)
rotavirus/norovirus
- stomach flu
- dsRNA virus
- highly infectious
- lethal dehydration
shigella dysenteriae
- gram neg, bacillus
- endotoxin producer
- invade cell of epithelial mucosa
E. coli
- gram neg, bacillus
enteroinvasive type
- invade cell of epithelia mucose
- shinga toxin via phage
- travelers diarrhea
enterohemorrhagic type
- has flagella serotype
- shinga toxin(block host protien syn, dmg endothelia,
cause capillary dmg, loss of blood and clots)
- gastroenteritis
salmonella enterica
- gram neg, bacillus
typhoid fever
- salmonellosis
- non toxin producer
staphylococcus aureus
- gram pos, staphylococcus
- skin boils
- secrete enterotoxin into prepared foods
giardia lamblia
- protozoal infection
- enter through cyst fr contaminated drink water and in
rodents and pets - cyst dissolved by acid pH; trophozoite attach intestine
cell walls - cause diarrhea
treponema pallidum
- spirochete
- std pathogen susceptible to drying and require direct
physical contact w mucous membranes
syphilis
- 2-6 wk incubation
primary syphilis - at site of infection, painless, full
of spirochetes, untreated = primary latent stage
secondary syphilis - generalized rash
tertiary syphilis - after years; effects heart and cns
congenital syphilis - pregnant mother = fetus;
congenital defects
staphylococcus epidermisis
- gram pos; staphylococcus
- has slime layer
- nosocomial(hospital) infection
- penetrate via catheter
rabies
- rabies virus(ssRNA)
- trans by animal bite
furious rabies - animal restless, then high excitable
paralytic rabies - animal unaware of surrounding
- multiply in skeletal muscle, then brain = encephalitis
- sym = muscle spasm of mouth, pharynx and
hydrophobia - in peripheral nerves virus cant be attacked by
immune sys till cns destroyed
negri bodies - viral inclusion in affected nerve cells
pre-exposure vaccine - inject human diploid cell
vaccine (hdcv)
post-exposure - vaccine + rabies immune globulin(rig)
herpesvirus varicella zoster
chicken pox
- acquire via respiratory and localized skin cells
(form vesicular rash then pustules)
- virus remain latent in pns and cns
shingles
- reactivation of virus: new virions move down pns
to sensory nerves
- vesicular rash, sever burning/stinging, possible
nerve dmg
- acyclovir lessen symptoms
- prevent = live attenuated vaccine
